Antibiotics Flashcards
What are some quinolone antibiotics?
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
What is the mechanism of action of quinolone antibiotics?
Inhibit DNA synthesis
Bactericidal
What are the common adverse effects if quinolones?
Decrease seizure threshold
Tendon rupture - esp if used with steroids
Long QT
What are some contraindications to quinolone antibiotics?
Pregnancy/berastfeeding
G6PD
What are some macrolide antibiotics?
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?
Inhibit protein synthesis at ribosome via 50S subunit
Bacteriostatic
What are the common adverse effects of macrolides?
GI upset
Long QT
Cholestatic LFTs
What is an important interaction of macrolides?
Statins - increases risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
What is an example of an aminoglycoside antibiotic?
Gentamicin
What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?
Inhibit protein synthesis in ribosome vis 30S subunit
Bactericidal
What are the common adverse effects of aminoglycosides?
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity. -acute tubular necrosis
What are some examples of tetracycline antibiotics?
Doxycycline
Lymecycline
What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
Inhibnitnprotein synthesis in ribosome via 30S subunit
Bacteriostatic
What are the common adverse effects of tetracyclines?
Discolouration of teeth
Photosensitivity
What are some contraindications to tetracyclines?
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
<12yo
What are some cephalosporin antibiotics?
Cefalexin
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan gross linking
Bactericidal
Beta lactam antibiotics
What is important to note about cephalosporins?
Cross sensitivity with penicillins - if true allergy to penicillin, may have allergy to cephalosporins also
What are some glycopeptide antibiotics?
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
What is the mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics?
Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis to prevent cell wall formation
Bactericidal
What is an example of a sulphonamide antibiotic?
Sulfamethoxazole (co-trim)
What is the mechanism of action of sulphonamides?
Inhibit folic acid formation to inhibit DNA synthesis
Bacteriostatic
What is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?
Inhibit folic acid and therefore DNA synthesis
What is a possible adverse effect of trimethoprim?
Myelosuppression
