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Drugs MRCP > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are some quinolone antibiotics?

A

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of quinolone antibiotics?

A

Inhibit DNA synthesis
Bactericidal

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3
Q

What are the common adverse effects if quinolones?

A

Decrease seizure threshold
Tendon rupture - esp if used with steroids
Long QT

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4
Q

What are some contraindications to quinolone antibiotics?

A

Pregnancy/berastfeeding
G6PD

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5
Q

What are some macrolide antibiotics?

A

Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis at ribosome via 50S subunit
Bacteriostatic

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7
Q

What are the common adverse effects of macrolides?

A

GI upset
Long QT
Cholestatic LFTs

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8
Q

What is an important interaction of macrolides?

A

Statins - increases risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis

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9
Q

What is an example of an aminoglycoside antibiotic?

A

Gentamicin

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis in ribosome vis 30S subunit
Bactericidal

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11
Q

What are the common adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

A

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity. -acute tubular necrosis

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12
Q

What are some examples of tetracycline antibiotics?

A

Doxycycline
Lymecycline

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

A

Inhibnitnprotein synthesis in ribosome via 30S subunit
Bacteriostatic

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14
Q

What are the common adverse effects of tetracyclines?

A

Discolouration of teeth
Photosensitivity

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15
Q

What are some contraindications to tetracyclines?

A

Pregnancy or breastfeeding
<12yo

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16
Q

What are some cephalosporin antibiotics?

A

Cefalexin
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan gross linking
Bactericidal
Beta lactam antibiotics

18
Q

What is important to note about cephalosporins?

A

Cross sensitivity with penicillins - if true allergy to penicillin, may have allergy to cephalosporins also

19
Q

What are some glycopeptide antibiotics?

A

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of glycopeptide antibiotics?

A

Inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis to prevent cell wall formation
Bactericidal

21
Q

What is an example of a sulphonamide antibiotic?

A

Sulfamethoxazole (co-trim)

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sulphonamides?

A

Inhibit folic acid formation to inhibit DNA synthesis
Bacteriostatic

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?

A

Inhibit folic acid and therefore DNA synthesis

24
Q

What is a possible adverse effect of trimethoprim?

A

Myelosuppression

25
Q

What is an important interaction of trimethoprim?

A

Methotrexate - act on same enzyme

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penicillins?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis via peptidoglycan cross linking
Beta lactam antibiotic
Bactericidal

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?

A

Damages DNA by forming reactive cytotoxic metabolites

Drugs MRCP (7 decks)

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