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systemic pharm > antihyperlipidemic therapies > Flashcards

antihyperlipidemic therapies Flashcards

1
Q

coronary heart disease causes what amount of deaths in us?

A

half

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2
Q

incidence of chd correlates with what?

A

high levels of ldl, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols

low levels of hdl cholesterol

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3
Q

risk factors for chd include?

A

cigarette smoking, htn, obesity, diabetes, family hx

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4
Q

therapies aim to do what 3 things?

A
  1. decrease carrier production
  2. increase degradation
  3. decrease absorption
  4. increase removal
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5
Q

Hyperlipidemias have been classified into __ major subtypes*
Coronary heart disease (CHD) causes ___ of all deaths in US
The most common types of hyperlipidemias involve elevated LDL (____)

A

HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Hyperlipidemias have been classified into 5 major subtypes*
Coronary heart disease (CHD) causes 1/2 of all deaths in US
The most common types of hyperlipidemias involve elevated LDL (IIa)

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6
Q

build up of lipids on periphery or cornea

A

arcus sinilis

related to ldl (cholesterol)

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7
Q

type 4 (VLDL)

A

triglycerol

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8
Q

anti hyperlipidemic therapies

A

decrease carrier production
increase degradation
decrease absorption
increase removal

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9
Q

lipids are not water soluble therefore

A

they need to be placed in something that is so they can float around (proteins); markers are on proteins

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10
Q

site of cholesterol production

A

liver

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11
Q

where do we absorb lipids?

A

GI

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12
Q

where do we remove lipids?

A

packaged by liver –> deposited in bile pathway –> GI –> removed by feces

or

water soluble substance –> urine

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13
Q

high lipid develop into

A

artherosclerosis

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14
Q

high lipid is reflected in eye by what?

A

hollenhorst plaque

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15
Q

which cholesterol is the good one?

A

hdl

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16
Q

6 drug classes for antihyperlipidemic drug

A 
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Fibrates
Niacin
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
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17
Q

3 most pops AHD classes?

A

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Fibrates
Niacin

18
Q

best selling hmg coa reductase inhibitor

A

atorvastatin (lipitor)

19
Q

first hmg coa inhibitor on the market

A

lovastatin

20
Q

which drug: derived from red rice yeast –> fungus –> protects

A

lovastatin

21
Q

long acting hmg coa ri

A

atorvastatin

22
Q

short acting hmg coa ri

A

simvastatin; wont cause as many complications to bod

23
Q

INDICATION
Hyperlipidemia/CVD Prevention
DOSING [10-80mg]
1 tabs qd

A

ATORVASTATIN

24
Q

taken at night while body is at rest

A

atorvastatin

25
Q

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Antihyperlipidemic/Antidyslipidemic
Mechanism of Action
Competitively inhibits HMG-CoA Reductase which is responsible for an early, rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis
Increases hepatic LDL receptors, enhancing catabolism

A

atorvastatin moa

26
Q

ocular side effect thats most criticized when taking statins

A

cataracts

27
Q

Common: nasopharyngitis, myalgia
Skeletal: myopathy
Hepatic: impaired function associated w/ elevated serum transaminase levels; jaundice
CNS: amnesia
Ocular: diplopia, ptosis, pseudo-CME, blurred vision, elevated IOP, intraocular hemorrhage, cataracts*

A

atorvastatin

28
Q

diabetics with statins

A

more at risk for developing cataracts

29
Q

least significant side effects of statins are:

A

simvastatin and pravastatin

30
Q

when taking atorvastatin with cyclocporine or if taken for a long time, whats a developed side effect?

A

muscle pain (myopathy exacerbation)

31
Q

2 types of fibrates

A

Fenofibrate [Tricor®, Lofibra®, Triglide®]

Gemfibrozil [Lopid®]

32
Q

top selling fibrate

A

fenofibrate

33
Q

INDICATION
Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypercholesterolemia
DOSING [48/145 mg]
48-145 mg qd

A

fenofibrate

34
Q

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Fibrates
Mechanism of Action
Stimulates nuclear receptor PPAR which modulates transcription of insulin sensitive genes in liver, muscle and adipose tissue
Enhances HDL production; inhibits triglyceride synthesis and stimulates catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

A

fenofibrate

35
Q

what insulin reponsible for?

A

pulling glucose out of blood; fat metabolism

36
Q

Nicotinic Acid [Vitamin B3, Niacin, Niaspan®, Slo-Niacin®]

A

niacin

37
Q

INDICATION
Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypercholesterolemia, Mixed Dyslipidemia
DOSING [50-1000 mg]
1500-3000 mg/d

A

niacin

38
Q

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Vitamins/Nutritionals
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, resulting in reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis and production of LDLs in the plasma

A

moa of niacin

39
Q

dose of niacin

A

1500-3000 mg/d **HUGE

40
Q

a pt is on glaucoma therapy, which drug is contraindicated due to additive hypotension

A

niacin

systemic pharm (16 decks)

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