Antifungals Flashcards
Which antifungals target ergosterol?
Polyenes, triazoles and imidazoles.
Which antifungals inhibit ergosterol synthesis?
Allymines.
Which antifungals block the production of the beta-(1,3)-glucan protein damaging the cell wall?
B-3-glucan synthase inhibitors.
Which antifungals target chitin synthase?
Nikkomycin and polyoxin.
Which antifungals inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis?
Flucytosine.
Which antifungals inhibit fungal cell mitosis?
Griseofulvin.
List polyenes?
Nystatin.
Amphotericin B.
How is nystatin used?
Mostly topical and local treatment (oral thrush).
What is the effectiveness of absorption of nystatin?
Poor systemic absorption.
Poor oral bioavailability.
No drug interaction.
List MOA of amphotericin B?
binds to ergosterols to form pores, leading to leakage of molecules causing oxidative damage.
List the spectrum of activity of amphotericin B?
Candida, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, cryptococcus, and blastomyces.
What is the excretion method of polyenes?
Excreted by kidney slowly through months.
List the side effects of amphotecirin B?
Fever, chills, electrolyte abnormalities (hypokalemia), renal dysfunction, hematologic toxicity.
Give an example of fluorocytosine?
5-fluorocytosine.
List MOA of 5-fluorocytosine?
Inhibits thymidylate synthase and DNA synthase.
List spectrum of activity of 5-fluorocytosine?
Candida and crptococcus.
Resistance is common for which antifungal and how to fix it?
5-fluorocytosine.
List the adverse effects of 5-fluorocytosine?
Bone marrow toxicity - pancytopenia - reversible.
What is the mechanism of azoles?
Binds to ergosterol to form pores.
List the spectrum of activity of azoles?
Candida, aspergillus, histoplasma, cyptococcus, blastomyces, coccidiode, dermatophytes.