Adrenergic Blockers

Question 1

Adrenrgic antagonists are drugs which antagonize the action of what?

Answer 1

EP and NE at the receptor level.

Question 2

Adrenergic receptors are classified according to what?

Answer 2

Relative affinity for alpha or beta receptors.

Question 3

What drugs are non selective alpha blockers?

Answer 3

Phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine.

Question 4

Which non selective alpha blocker is an irreversible antagonist?

Answer 4

Phenoxybenzamine.

Question 5

Which non selective alpha blocker is reversible?

Answer 5

Phentolamine.

Question 6

What happens when non selective alpha blockers block alpha 1 receptors?

Answer 6

Vasodilation and postural hypotension.

Question 7

What happens when non selective alpha blockers block alpha 2 receptors?

Answer 7

1- reduced NE action.
2- increase release of NE, which can cause tachycardia and increased CO.

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action of non selective alpha blockers?

Answer 8

Binds covalently (irreversibly) to alpha receptor and Blocks NA action.

Question 9

Non selective alpha blockers are given through which routes?

Answer 9

Orally, IV, and SC injection.

Question 10

What is T1/2 for phenoxybenzamine?

Answer 10

12 hours

Question 11

What is T1/2 for phentolamine?

Answer 11

3 hours.

Question 12

Non selective alpha blockers are use in the treatment of what?

Answer 12

Pheochromocytoma.

Question 13

Which non selective alpha blocker is the preferred agent for the treatment of hypertensive crisis in clonidine withdrawal and cheese reaction?

Answer 13

Phentolamine.

Question 14

What are the side effects of non selective alpha blockers?

Answer 14

1- postural hypotension.
2- tachycardia.
3- dizziness and headache.
4- sexual dysfunction.

Question 15

List selective alpha one antagonists?

Answer 15

Prazosin, terazosin, and doxazosin.

Question 16

What are the actions of alpha one blocker?

Answer 16

1- vasodilation and reduction in BP.
2- increase in HR.
3- decrease bladder sphincter tone.
4- inhibition of hypertrophy on smooth muscle of bladder neck and prostate.

Question 17

prazosin and terazosin are metabolized by?

Answer 17

liver.

Question 18

list the clinical uses of selective alpha one blockers?

Answer 18

1- severe hypertension.
2- benign hyperplasia of prostate.

Question 19

which selective alpha one blocker is used for benign hyperplasia or prostate?

Answer 19

tamsulosin.

Question 20

cardioselective beta antagonists block which receptor?

Answer 20

beta one

Question 21

beta blockers lower BP but they do not induce _____

Answer 21

postural hypotension.

Question 22

list non selective beta blockers?

Answer 22

1- propranolol.
2- timolol.
3- nadolol.

Question 23

list selective beta one blockers?

Answer 23

1- acebutolol.
2- atenolol.
3- metoprolol.
4- esmolol.
5- nebivolol.

Question 24

list the action of propranolol?

Answer 24

1- peripheral vasoconstriction.
2- bronchoconstriction.
3- reduces renin release.
4- decreased glycogenolysis and glucagon secretion.

Question 25

which beta blocker readily crosses BBB?

Answer 25

propranolol.

Question 26

list the adverse affects of propranolol?

Answer 26

1- bronchoconstriction. 2- metabolic disturbances (fasting hypoglycemia).

Question 27

non selective beta blockers are contraindicated in what?

Answer 27

- bronchial asthma (due to their bronchoconstriction action). - raynaud's disease (by causing vasoconstriction these drugs worsen peripheral vascular disease).

Question 28

when it comes to selective beta one blockers their selectivity is _____ at high doses?

Answer 28

lost.

Question 29

selective beta one blockers are preferred in patient with?

Answer 29

diabetes, bronchial asthma, peripheral vascular disease.

Question 30

which selective beta one blocker is used in emergency treatment of supraventricular dysrhythmias?

Answer 30

esmolol.

Question 31

list the advantages of cardio selective beta blockers?

Answer 31

1- safe in asthma. 2- safe in diabetes. 3- less risk of hyperglycemia. 4- less risk of dyslipidemia.

Question 32

list the mechanism of action of nadolol and timolol?

Answer 32

1- reduce production of aqueous humor in the eye. 2- decrease secretion of aqueous humor by ciliary body. 3- do not cause cycloplegia.

Question 33

which selective beta one blocker has a very long duration of action?

Answer 33

nadolol

Question 34

list the actions of nadolol and timolol?

Answer 34

1- decrease intraocular pressure. 2- more potent than propranolol.

Question 35

what is the clinical use of nadolol and timolol?

Answer 35

chronic management of glaucoma.