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Skin_MS > Antifungal Drugs & Fungal Skin Infections > Flashcards

Antifungal Drugs & Fungal Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Define a:

Single cell, spherical or elliptical fungi

If it reproduces by budding it is a?
If the bud stays attached it forms?

A

Yeast

Blastoconidia

Pseudohyphae

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2
Q

Defina a multicellular fungi.

If forms thread like filaments called?

A

Mold

Hyphae

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3
Q

A mass of hyphae

A

Mycelium

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4
Q

Fungi that has both yeas and mold form is?

A

Dimorphic fungi

Mold - Cold (environment)
Yeast - Heat (body)

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5
Q

Produced from sexual reproduction

Produced from asexual reproduction

A

Spore

Conidia

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6
Q

Hyphae on parasitic fungi

A

Haustoria

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7
Q

What anti fungal is used for invasive systemic fungal infections in immunocompramized patients?

It is active against yeast and molds

A

Poleyens: Amphotericin B and Nystatin (topical)

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the polyenes?

A

Bind to ergosterol

Fungicidal

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9
Q

What antifungals are nephrotoxic?

A

Amphotericin B

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10
Q

What anti fungal is most widely used and the spectrum varies by agent?

A

Azoles: Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole

DO NOT CONFUSE with metronidazole (antibacterial)

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Azoles?

A

Binds fungal P450 enzymes (ERG11), blocks production of ergosterol, causes accumulation of Ianosterol

Fungistatic

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12
Q

What antifungals to avoid during pregnancy

A

Azoles

Griseofulvin

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13
Q

What antifungals are hepatotoxic?

A

Azoles

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14
Q

What antifungals are neurotoxic?

A

Azoles

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15
Q

What antifungals are used on dermatophytes?

A

Allylamines - Terbinafine (lamisil) (Topical)

Griseofulvin

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of the allylamines?

A

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

Inhibits squalene epoxidase, accumulation of toxic squalene

Fungicidal

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17
Q

What antifungals interact with drugs which are broken down by CYP2D6 enzymes

A

Allylamines - Terbinafine (lamisil)

18
Q

What anti fungal is used to treat Yeasts including Candida albicans and Cryptococcus?

A

Flucytosine (5-FC)

19
Q

What is the mechanism of 5-FC

A

Flucytosine

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor

Converted to 5-Fluorouracil in fungi - inhibits both RNA and DNA synthesis

Fungistatic

20
Q

What anti fungal can lead to bone marrow suppression

A

5-FC

21
Q

What two antifungals are used together to reduce resistance and and increase uptake?

A

Flucytosine (5-FC) and Amphotericin B

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Griseofulvin?

A

Binds microtubules and inhibits spindle leading to multinucleate cells.. Fungistatic

23
Q

What anti fungal is teratogenic?

A

Griseofulvin

24
Q

What anti fungal is used to treat Candida Albicans?

A

Echinocandins - Caspofungin

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Caspofungin?

A

Cell wall inhibitor - blocks synthesis of beta flu can polysaccharide

Fungicidal in candida
Fungistatic in Aspergillus

26
Q

What antifungals do not cross the CNS barrier?

A

Azoles (fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole)

Echinocandins (caspofungin)

27
Q

Fungus that grows on or in the individual

A

Mycosis

28
Q

Poisoning from toxins made by a fungus

A

Mycotoxicoses

29
Q

What fungi cause hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Molds or spores

30
Q

What fungi cause cutaneous fungal infections?

A

Malassezia (tinea versicolor)

Dermatophytes - Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Trichophyton

31
Q

What causes subcutaneous fungal infections? (Infection through the skin that is followed by a subcutaneous and/or lymphatic spread

A

Sporothrix

32
Q

What type of individuals are infected by fungi?

What is most commonly the culprit in these individuals?

A

Immunocompramised. Fungi are opportunistic.

Candida

33
Q

Common method to diagnose fungal infections of the skin?

A

Collect sample (skin, nail, hair)
Dissolve in 10% KOH and stain
View under 40X microscope

34
Q

What is a UV-A light which some Fungi fluoresce called?

A

Woods Lamp

PCR and Culture

35
Q

What is the microbe and the disease in which hypo pigmentation or hyper pigmentation occurs in areas of high lipid content (sebaceous glands) in individuals 15-24 years old?

A

Tinea Versicolor

Microbe is Malassezia Furfur

Yeast is part of normal flora but is converted to the mold form in the disease

36
Q

What is fungi associated with seborreic dermatitis, scaly (cradle cap) and Tinea Versicolor?

A

Malassezia

“spagetti and meatblass” under scope

Treatment for seborreic dermatitis is topical therapy - selenium sulfide or ketoconazole shampoo

37
Q

What are the fungi associated with dermatophytoses - ringworm, tinea, jock itch, althetes foot?

A

Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton

Treat with topical antifungals or oral if nail infection

38
Q

What are the following bodily areas:

Capitis
Barbae
Axillaris
Corporis
Cruris
Pedis
Unguium
Onychomycosis
A 
Tinea capitis - Skull
Tinea barbae - Beard
Tinea axillaris - Armpit
Tinea corporis - Body
Tinea cruris - Groin
Tinea pedis - Foot
Tinea unguium  - Nail 	(onychomycosis)
39
Q

Infection that most commonly causes tinea pedis - serpentine lesion with central clearing (anthropholic) occurs on moist areas of skin and carried on clothing (fomite transmission)

A

Trichophyton Rubum

40
Q

What fungi can cause hair and skin infections and fluoresces blue-green under a Woods Lamp? If transferred zoophilically it is? Geophilically?

A

Microsporum Canis

Microsporum Fulvum

Skin_MS (13 decks)

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