Antifungal Agent Flashcards
The study of fungi
Mycology
2 groups of mycoses
- Superficial
- Deep-seated (systemic)
Most common mycoses in superficial
Dermatophytoses
Other nterm of tinea versicolor
Pityriasis versicolor
Tinea manuum
Hand
Tinea versicolor commonly caused by?
Malassezia furfur
Tinea corporis
The rest of the body
Tinea capitis
Scalp
Tinea cruris
Groin
Tinea sycosis
Beard
Tinea unguium
Nails
Tinea pedis
Feet
Common route of infection in deep-seated (systemic)
Inhalation
Common opportunist
C. albicans
both the skin and subcutaneous tissue are involved but typically no dissemination to the internal organs occurs
Subcutaneous mycoses
occurs when the host is deprived of the normal defenses conferred by microbial flora
Opportunistic mycoses
causative agents can adapt to the internal environment of their host
Systemic or deep-seated mycoses
Bacterias in microbial flora
- E. coli
- Lactobacilli
Fungi in microbial flora
Candida
T/F Systemic is self limiting
True
Fungal diseases
Mycoses
TOPICAL AGENTS FOR DERMATOPHYTOSES
•FATTY ACIDS
•PHENOL & DERIVATIVES
Another name of Propionic acid
Propanoic acid,
Ethylformic acid,
Methylacetic acid,
Carboxyethane,
Ethanecarboxylic acid
Highly unstable in moisture
Zinc caprylate
Propionic acid is present in perspiration of what conc.?
0.01%
acidic, fatty, and a natural antifungal agent
Sebum
prepared from destructive distillation of castor oil
Undecylenic acid
2 other brand for Undecylenic acid
Desenex®, Cruex®
is also an antiseptic & keratolytic
Salicylic acid And resorcinol
hydrolyzed by esterases found in skin, producing acetic acid
Triacetin
2 other brands for Triacetin
Enzactin®, Fungacetin®
Other name of resorcinol
m-Hydroxyphenol,
1,3-Benzenediol,
1,3-Dihydroxybenzene,
Resorcin
available as anhydrous & monohydrate
Zinc propionate
T/F Sodium caprylate is available as solution, powder, and ointment
True
T/F Sodium caprylate is available as solution, ointment, powder, and emulsion (up to 10%)
Flase: Undecylenic acid (isavailable as solution, ointment, powder, and emulsion (up to 10%)
Other name of triacetin
Glyceryl triacetate,
Glycerin triacetate,
Glycerol triacetate
Triacetin produces ________ when hydrolyzed by esterases found in the skin.
Acetic acid
Other name of benzoic acid
Benzenecarboxylic acid,
Phenylcarboxylic acid,
Carboxybenzene
cannotpenetrate the outer layer of the skin, thats why it should be admixed with a keratolytic agent
Benzoic acid
Triacetin is hydrolyzed by esterases found in skin, producing _____.
Acetic acid
Whitfield’s ointment, USP
• Benzoic acid + Salicylic acid
> available as a solution and cream (1%)
Haloprogin (Halotex®)
should be protected from light
Haloprogin
Ciclopirox other names
Ciclopirox ethanolamine, Ciclopiroxolamine
> aka lodochlorhydroxyquin
Clioquinol
Haloprogin brand name
Halotex
> also available as ointment and cream (3%)
Clioquinol
Flucytosine other name
5-Florocytosine, 5-FC
> orally active but with a very narrow spectrum of activity
Flucytosine
Flucytosine brand name
Ancobon®
available as a powder for skin conditions: atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, impetigo
Clioquinol
Clioquinol brand name
Vioform ®
only for the treatment of serious systemic infections caused by susceptible strains of Candida and Cryptococcus spp.
Flucytosine
MOA: penetration of fungal cell wall membrane, causing loss of cellular constituents
POLYENES
blocks the transport of amino acids into the cells
low conc.: fungistatic
> best use: for the treatment of athlete’s foot & jock itch
Clioquinol
loss of membrane integrity and cellular constituents
high conc.: fungicidal
initially used as substitute for iodoform
Clioquinol
It’s source is Streptomyces spp.
POLYENES
aka pimaricin
Natamycin (Natacyn®)
oldest antifungal
Amphotericin B (Fungizone®)
from Streptococcus noursei or Streptomyces nourseiо
Nystatin (Mycostatin®)
38-membered:
Amphotericin B, Nystatin
26-membered
Natamycin
available as an ophthalmic suspension (1%) for the treatment of fungal conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and keratitis
Natamycin Natacyn®
resistance is rapidly developed & is very common - use only when needed
Flucytosine
> available as a cream, lotion, and ointment (3%)
Amphotericin B
nephrotoxic
Amphotericin B
not absorbed systemically and is too toxic to be administered parenterally
Nystatin
oral candidiasis:
“swish and swallow”
“swish and swallow”
Nystatin
strictly comply with the drug regimen to prevent reinfection
GRISEOFULVIN
GRISEOFULVIN brand names
Grifulvin®, Grisactin®, Gris-PEG®
also available as a 100-mg/mL oral suspension
Amphotericin B
used as a topical and oral antifungal agent
Nystatin
from Penicillium griseofulvum
GRISEOFULVIN
take with fatty food o r meal
GRISEOFULVIN
> dosage strength is expressed in terms of units: 1 mg of nystatin must contain not less than 2,000 U S units
Nystatin
MOA: “mitotic spindle poison”
GRISEOFULVIN
also used as an anticancer agent
Flucytosine
Active metabolite of Flucytosine
5-FU
available as cream and lotion (1%)
Ciclopirox olamine
Ciclopirox olamine brand name
Loprox
Other term for tinea unguium
Onchomycosis
MOA: Inhibit DNA & RNA synthesis
Flucytosine
second-line agent:
onchomycosis
MOA:
>low conc.: fungistatic - blocks the transport of amino acids into the cells
>high conc.: fungicidal - loss of membrane integrity and cellular constituents
Ciclopirox olamine
