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ORGMED —> ANTIFUNGALS > Antifungal Agent > Flashcards

Antifungal Agent Flashcards

1
Q

The study of fungi

A

Mycology

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2
Q

2 groups of mycoses

A
  1. Superficial
  2. Deep-seated (systemic)
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3
Q

Most common mycoses in superficial

A

Dermatophytoses

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4
Q

Other nterm of tinea versicolor

A

Pityriasis versicolor

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5
Q

Tinea manuum

A

Hand

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6
Q

Tinea versicolor commonly caused by?

A

Malassezia furfur

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7
Q

Tinea corporis

A

The rest of the body

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8
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Scalp

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9
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Groin

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10
Q

Tinea sycosis

A

Beard

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11
Q

Tinea unguium

A

Nails

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12
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Feet

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13
Q

Common route of infection in deep-seated (systemic)

A

Inhalation

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14
Q

Common opportunist

A

C. albicans

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15
Q

both the skin and subcutaneous tissue are involved but typically no dissemination to the internal organs occurs

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

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16
Q

occurs when the host is deprived of the normal defenses conferred by microbial flora

A

Opportunistic mycoses

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17
Q

causative agents can adapt to the internal environment of their host

A

Systemic or deep-seated mycoses

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18
Q

Bacterias in microbial flora

A
  1. E. coli
  2. Lactobacilli
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19
Q

Fungi in microbial flora

A

Candida

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20
Q

T/F Systemic is self limiting

A

True

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21
Q

Fungal diseases

A

Mycoses

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22
Q

TOPICAL AGENTS FOR DERMATOPHYTOSES

A

•FATTY ACIDS
•PHENOL & DERIVATIVES

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23
Q

Another name of Propionic acid

A

Propanoic acid,
Ethylformic acid,
Methylacetic acid,
Carboxyethane,
Ethanecarboxylic acid

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24
Q

Highly unstable in moisture

A

Zinc caprylate

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25
Q

Propionic acid is present in perspiration of what conc.?

A

0.01%

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26
Q

acidic, fatty, and a natural antifungal agent

A

Sebum

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27
Q

prepared from destructive distillation of castor oil

A

Undecylenic acid

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28
Q

2 other brand for Undecylenic acid

A

Desenex®, Cruex®

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29
Q

is also an antiseptic & keratolytic

A

Salicylic acid And resorcinol

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30
Q

hydrolyzed by esterases found in skin, producing acetic acid

A

Triacetin

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31
Q

2 other brands for Triacetin

A

Enzactin®, Fungacetin®

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32
Q

Other name of resorcinol

A

m-Hydroxyphenol,
1,3-Benzenediol,
1,3-Dihydroxybenzene,
Resorcin

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33
Q

available as anhydrous & monohydrate

A

Zinc propionate

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34
Q

T/F Sodium caprylate is available as solution, powder, and ointment

A

True

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35
Q

T/F Sodium caprylate is available as solution, ointment, powder, and emulsion (up to 10%)

A

Flase: Undecylenic acid (isavailable as solution, ointment, powder, and emulsion (up to 10%)

36
Q

Other name of triacetin

A

Glyceryl triacetate,
Glycerin triacetate,
Glycerol triacetate

37
Q

Triacetin produces ________ when hydrolyzed by esterases found in the skin.

A

Acetic acid

38
Q

Other name of benzoic acid

A

Benzenecarboxylic acid,
Phenylcarboxylic acid,
Carboxybenzene

39
Q

cannotpenetrate the outer layer of the skin, thats why it should be admixed with a keratolytic agent

A

Benzoic acid

40
Q

Triacetin is hydrolyzed by esterases found in skin, producing _____.

A

Acetic acid

41
Q

Whitfield’s ointment, USP

A

• Benzoic acid + Salicylic acid

42
Q

> available as a solution and cream (1%)

A

Haloprogin (Halotex®)

43
Q

should be protected from light

A

Haloprogin

44
Q

Ciclopirox other names

A

Ciclopirox ethanolamine, Ciclopiroxolamine

45
Q

> aka lodochlorhydroxyquin

A

Clioquinol

46
Q

Haloprogin brand name

A

Halotex

47
Q

> also available as ointment and cream (3%)

A

Clioquinol

48
Q

Flucytosine other name

A

5-Florocytosine, 5-FC

49
Q

> orally active but with a very narrow spectrum of activity

A

Flucytosine

50
Q

Flucytosine brand name

A

Ancobon®

51
Q

available as a powder for skin conditions: atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, impetigo

A

Clioquinol

52
Q

Clioquinol brand name

A

Vioform ®

53
Q

only for the treatment of serious systemic infections caused by susceptible strains of Candida and Cryptococcus spp.

A

Flucytosine

54
Q

MOA: penetration of fungal cell wall membrane, causing loss of cellular constituents

A

POLYENES

55
Q

blocks the transport of amino acids into the cells

A

low conc.: fungistatic

56
Q

> best use: for the treatment of athlete’s foot & jock itch

A

Clioquinol

57
Q

loss of membrane integrity and cellular constituents

A

high conc.: fungicidal

58
Q

initially used as substitute for iodoform

A

Clioquinol

59
Q

It’s source is Streptomyces spp.

A

POLYENES

60
Q

aka pimaricin

A

Natamycin (Natacyn®)

61
Q

oldest antifungal

A

Amphotericin B (Fungizone®)

62
Q

from Streptococcus noursei or Streptomyces nourseiо

A

Nystatin (Mycostatin®)

63
Q

38-membered:

A

Amphotericin B, Nystatin

64
Q

26-membered

A

Natamycin

65
Q

available as an ophthalmic suspension (1%) for the treatment of fungal conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and keratitis

A

Natamycin Natacyn®

66
Q

resistance is rapidly developed & is very common - use only when needed

A

Flucytosine

67
Q

> available as a cream, lotion, and ointment (3%)

A

Amphotericin B

68
Q

nephrotoxic

A

Amphotericin B

69
Q

not absorbed systemically and is too toxic to be administered parenterally

A

Nystatin

70
Q

oral candidiasis:

A

“swish and swallow”

71
Q

“swish and swallow”

A

Nystatin

72
Q

strictly comply with the drug regimen to prevent reinfection

A

GRISEOFULVIN

73
Q

GRISEOFULVIN brand names

A

Grifulvin®, Grisactin®, Gris-PEG®

74
Q

also available as a 100-mg/mL oral suspension

A

Amphotericin B

75
Q

used as a topical and oral antifungal agent

A

Nystatin

76
Q

from Penicillium griseofulvum

A

GRISEOFULVIN

77
Q

take with fatty food o r meal

A

GRISEOFULVIN

78
Q

> dosage strength is expressed in terms of units: 1 mg of nystatin must contain not less than 2,000 U S units

A

Nystatin

79
Q

MOA: “mitotic spindle poison”

A

GRISEOFULVIN

80
Q

also used as an anticancer agent

A

Flucytosine

81
Q

Active metabolite of Flucytosine

A

5-FU

82
Q

available as cream and lotion (1%)

A

Ciclopirox olamine

83
Q

Ciclopirox olamine brand name

A

Loprox

84
Q

Other term for tinea unguium

A

Onchomycosis

85
Q

MOA: Inhibit DNA & RNA synthesis

A

Flucytosine

86
Q

second-line agent:

A

onchomycosis

87
Q

MOA:
>low conc.: fungistatic - blocks the transport of amino acids into the cells
>high conc.: fungicidal - loss of membrane integrity and cellular constituents

A

Ciclopirox olamine

ORGMED —> ANTIFUNGALS (7 decks)

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