Antiemetics Flashcards

1
Q

Ondansetron: Class

A

5-HT3 receptor antagonist

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2
Q

Ondansetron: use

A

PONV
Chemotherapy related N/V
Carcinoid Syndrome

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3
Q

Ondansetron: Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits serotonin both peripherally on vagus nerve terminals and centrally in the medulla’s Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ)

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4
Q

Ondansetron: Dose

A

4 - 8 mg

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5
Q

Ondansetron: Pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption: IV, PO

Onset: 10 minutes
Duration of Action: 4 hours

Metabolism: Hepatic

Elimination: Renal

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6
Q

Ondansetron: Contraindications

A

Prolonged QT interval
Hypersensitivity

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7
Q

Ondansetron: Considerations

A

Can cause Headache
prolongs QT interval

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8
Q

Dexamethasone: Class

A

Synthetic glucocorticoid steriod

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9
Q

Dexamethasone: Use

A

Decrease PONV risk
Reduce edema
Reduce postoperative pain

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10
Q

Dexamethason: Mechanism of Action

A

↓ inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis (from Vargo)

Dexamethasone’s mechanism of antiemetic activity is not entirely known, however:
↓ prostaglandin synthesis = ↓ N+V

decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability

inhibits phospholipase that is necessary for the conversion of phospholipids to arachidonic acid, which leads to the inflammatory chain reaction along both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways =↓ painq

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11
Q

Dexamethasone: Dose

A

4 - 12 mg

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12
Q

Dexamethasone: Pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption: IV, PO

Onset: 30 minutes
Duration of action: 36 hours

Metabolism: Hepatic

Elimination: Renal

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13
Q

Dexamethasone: Contraindications

A

Systemic fungal infections
Live virus vaccines
Allergy/hypersensitivity

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14
Q

Dexamethasone: Considerations

A

Delayed wound healing
HPA axis surpression
Hyperglycemia
Perianal itching (why it’s given after induction)

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