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Pharmacology > Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is haemostasis and what are the three stages of it? (4 marks)

A

haemostasis is the stopping of bleeding
1. vascular spasm
2. platelet aggregation and plug formation
3. coagulation

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3
Q

At what stage of haemostasis do antiplatelets treat? (1 mark)

A

platelet aggregation and plug formation

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4
Q

At what stage of haemostasis do anticoagulants treat? (1 mark)

A

coagulation

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5
Q

What does thromboxane do? (1 mark)

A

Promotes platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction

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6
Q

what does prostacyclin do? (1 mark)

A

inhibits platelet aggregation and causes vasodilation

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6
Q

What is the MOA of low dose aspirin? (3 marks)

A

inhibits COX 1 and the production of thromboxane thus reducing platelet aggregation

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7
Q

Which COX cannot regenerate due to platelets not having a nucleus? (1 mark)

A

COX1

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7
Q

What can vascular tissue regenerate?

A

COX 1 and 2

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7
Q

Name 3 conditions which anticoagulants treat (3 marks)

A

DVT, PE, AF, prevent venous thromboembolic events after procedures or immobility

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7
Q

What can a thrombi or emboli lead to? (4 marks)

A

MI, ischaemic stroke, DVT and PE

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8
Q

What is the MOA of heparin? (3 marks)

A

combines antithrombin III and enhances rate that it inhibits thrombin IIa and activated factor X

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8
Q

What clotting factors does Warfarin indirectly inhibit and what does this cause? (5 marks)

A

Vitamin K clotting factors (2, 7, 9 and 10)
This causes delayed anticoagulant activity

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9
Q

What enzyme does warfarin inhibit?

A

Vitamin K epoxide reductase

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10
Q

What in the target INR for someone with Warfarin? (1 mark)

A

2-3

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11
Q

What does the INR do? (1 mark)

A

evaluates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation

12
Q

What are some practice points for someone on warfarin?

A

consume at least 200mcg od Vitamin K a day
Continue to monitor
look out for warning signs of bleeding
Drug interactions with Ibuprofen, St Johns Wort and Ginko biloba

13
Q

What are two antidotes for warfarin? (2 marks)

A

Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma

14
Q

What is dabigatran? (3 marks)

A

competitive, reversible and direct inhibitor of thrombin

15
Q

what is apixaban and rivaroxaban? (3 marks)

A

direct, reversible inhibitor of factor X

16
Q

What are 3 practice points for warfarin? (3 marks)

A

it is fast acting (within 30 minutes)
no ongoing monitoring needed
watch for warning signs of bleeding
contraindicated in prosthetic heart valves
must be dispensed and stored in original packaging

17
Q

What is the antidote for dabigatran and what makes it so effective? (2 marks)

A

Idarucizumab, it has a 300 times greater affinity for dabigatran than thrombin

18
Q

What is the antidote for rivaroxaban and apixaban? (1 mark)

A

there are no antidotes

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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