Antibodies, Antibody Diversity, T-Cell Development

Question 1

What is an antigen?

Answer 1

Anything that can be bound by cells of the adaptive immunity system

Question 2

What is the process of B and T cells being generated?

Answer 2

Hematopoiesis

Question 3

Where does Hematopoeisis occur?

Answer 3

Bone Marrow

Question 4

What are the primary functions of antibodies?

Answer 4

Ag binding and recognition

Trigger the elimination of foreign Ag

Question 5

T/F - An antigen must be intact for an antibody to bind it.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F - Binding alone is not sufficient to neutralize an antigen.

Answer 6

False - Binding alone may be sufficient to neutralize an antigen

Question 7

What are the ways antibodies trigger the elimination of foreign antigens?

Answer 7

Activation of a complement
Opsonizaiton
ADCC

Question 8

Activation of an antibody complement

Answer 8

Leads to cell lysis

Question 9

ADCC

Answer 9

NK mediated cytotoxisity

Question 10

What are the fragments of an antibody?

Answer 10

Fab

Fc

Question 11

Fab

Answer 11

Antigen binding fragment

Highly variable so it can discriminate between antigens

Question 12

Fc

Answer 12

Crystalizeable fragment that binds to phagocytotic or cytolytic cells

Question 13

Heavy chains

Answer 13

Spans the Fab and Fc

Question 14

Light chains

Answer 14

Spans only the Fc

Question 15

Light chains

Answer 15

Spans only the Fc

Question 16

What makes up an antibody?

Answer 16

Fab fragment
Fc fragment
2 Identical light chains
2 identical heavy chains

Question 17

What are the classes of antibodies

Answer 17

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE

Question 18

IgG

Answer 18

Heavy chain gamma
Fab arms are linked to Fc by an extended region of polypeptide chain known as the hinge
Monomer morphology

Question 19

IgA

Answer 19

Heavy chain alpha

Dimer morphology

Question 20

IgM

Answer 20

Heavy chain mu

Pentameter morphology

Question 21

IgD

Answer 21

Heavy chain delta

Monomer morphology

Question 22

IgE

Answer 22

Heavy chain epsilon

Monomer morphology

Question 23

Hypervariable region

Answer 23

At the tip of the light and heavy chains in the Fab region

Near where Ags bind

Question 24

To what does an FCR bind to?

Answer 24

Fc region of an antibody

Question 25

What is the end result of FCR binding?

Answer 25

Stimulates phagocytotic or cytotoxic cells to destroy the microbes

Question 26

How is antibody diversity achieved?

Answer 26

VDJ arrangement

Question 27

Heavy chain construction

Answer 27

Three gene segments:

V, D, and J chains

Question 28

Light chain construction

Answer 28

Two gene segments:

V and J chains

Question 29

How many types of Variable chains are there?

Answer 29

100

Question 30

How many types of Diversity chains are there?

Answer 30

3

Question 31

How many types of joining chains are there?

Answer 31

6

Question 32

How many types of joining chains are there?

Answer 32

6

Question 33

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 33

Thymus

Question 34

Positive selection of T cells

Answer 34

If the thymocte TCR engages in low-afinity interaction with a self MHC molecule on thymic epithelium, it is rescues from programmed cell death and continues to mature.

Question 35

Where does positive selection of T cells occur?

Answer 35

thymus

Question 36

Negative selection of T cells

Answer 36

If the thymocyte TCR binds peptide-MHC complexes on a thymic antigen presenting cell with high addinity or avidity, it is induced to go under apoptotic cell death

Question 37

Negative selection of T cells

Answer 37

If the thymocyte TCR binds peptide-MHC complexes on a thymic antigen presenting cell with high affinity or avidity, it is induced to go under apoptotic cell death