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Fundamentals in Blood Bank > Anti Human Globulin Test ( Chapter 5 ) > Flashcards

Anti Human Globulin Test ( Chapter 5 ) Flashcards

1
Q

Anti Human Globulin Test is also known as

A

Coomb’s Test

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2
Q

This antibodies are also termed as nonagglutinating or incomplete antibodies

A

IgG antibodies

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3
Q

Where does the AHG binds ?

A

It binds to the Human Globulins such as IgG or Complement either in free serum or attached to the antigen of the RBC

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4
Q

In what year does Coombs and associate describe the use of the antiglobulin test for the detection of weak and nonagglutinating Rh antibodies in serum

A

1945

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5
Q

What is the purpose of Absorption in the procedure for AHG

A

To remove heterospecific antibodies

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6
Q

What is the purpose of Dilution in the procedure for AHG

A

to avoid prozone

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7
Q

First Blood Group System that were reported only weeks after Coomb’s had described the test

A

Kell Blood Group System

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8
Q

It is based on the principle that antihuman globulins obtained from immunized nonhuman species bind to human globulins

A

Anti-Human Globulin Test/Coomb’s Test

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9
Q

First to describe the principle of Coomb’s Test

A

Moreschi 1908

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10
Q

Early AHG reagents were prepared using a crude globulin fraction as the _____.

A

Immunogen

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11
Q

Presented the first indication that there might be another antibody activity present that influenced the final reaction in AHG test

A

Dacie 1951

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12
Q

The AHGT can be used to detect RBC sensitized with _____ , _______ and ___________

A

IgG alloantibodies , IgG autoantibodies and complement components.

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13
Q

In AHG reactivity cell sensitized with cold antibodies is resulted from what type of Globulin Activity

A

Anti-NonGamma Globulin activity

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14
Q

In AHG reactivity cell sensitized with warm antibodies is resulted from what type of Globulin Activity

A

Anti-Gamma Globulin activity

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15
Q

NonGamma Globulin component is believe to be what type of globulin

A

Beta Globulin

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16
Q

The use of AHG to detect in vitro sensitization of RBC’s in two-stage technique is referred as

A

Indirect Anti-Globulin Test

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17
Q

In vivo sensitization is detected by one stage procedure called

A

Direct Anti-Globulin Test

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18
Q

Give 3 AntiHuman Globulin Reagents that are Polyspecific

A
  1. Rabbit Polyclonal
  2. Rabbit/Murine monoclonal Blend
  3. Murine Monoclonal
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19
Q

Give 3 AntiHuman Globulin Reagents that are Monospecific

A

1,Rabbit Polyclonal

  1. IgG heavy chain specific
  2. Monoclonal IgG
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20
Q

A Polyspecifc AHG RGt. that contains rabbit polyclonal Anti-IgG and Murine monoclonal anti-C3d and anti-C3b

A

Rabbit/Murine monoclonal Blend

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21
Q

A monospecific AHG RGT that contains only antibodies reactive againts Human Gamma Chains

A

IgG Heavy Chain specific

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22
Q

What are the licensed monospecific AHG that are commonly use

A

Anti-IgG and anti-C3b-C3d

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23
Q

If Polyspecific AHG Rgt. reacts with IgA and IgM molecules what type of chain is responsible for this reaction

A

Light Chain Kappa and Lambda

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24
Q

Anti-IgG reagents contain antibodies specific to Fc fragment of what type of chain

A

Heavy Gamma Chain

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25
Q

A technology that can be used to produced monoclonal antiglobulin serum.

A

Hybridoma Technology

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26
Q

Are derived from one clone of plasma cells and recognize a single epitope

A

Monoclonal antibodies

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27
Q

Who devised the monoclonal antibody technique

A

Kohler and Milstein

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28
Q

The only IgG subclass that has no clinical significance in AHG test

A

IgG4

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29
Q

If large volume is needed in Polyclonal AHG technique what animal would you use?

A

Goat or Sheep

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30
Q

AHG reagents that contain only one antibody specificity either anti-IgG or antibody specific complement components such as C3b or C3d

A

Monospecific AHG RGT

31
Q

In monoclonal AHG production antibody is collected as

A

Ascites

32
Q

True or False . Monoclonal AHG production needs absorption to remove heteromorphic antibody

A

False it does not need Absorption

33
Q

In monoclonal AHG production how can u give potent rgt. that give a fewer false positive reactions .

A

Monoclonal Antibodies to human complements Anti-C3b and Anti-C3d may be blended with POLYCLONAL anti-IgG from rabbits.

34
Q

Animal use in Monoclonal AHG production

A

Mice

35
Q

13 Most Antibody that fix complements

A

A-Le-Le-Sc1-Jk-Jk-Co3-Ge2-Ge3-li-Vel-P-PP1Pk

36
Q

Considered to be the most important anticomplement component because of its limited capacity to cause nonspecific rxn.

A

Anti-C3c

37
Q

AHG Rgt. should be dyed in what color for identification

A

Green

38
Q

Serum to Cell ratio

A

2:1

39
Q

Antibody to Antigen ratio

A

40:1

40
Q

Indirect Antiglobulin Test is used in the ff. situation

A

Detection of incomplete(nonagglutinating) antibodies to potential donor RBCs ( compatibility testing ) or to screening cells ( antibody screen ) in serum
Determination of RBC phenotype using known anti sera
Titration of incomplete antibodies

41
Q

Determinant of Immunoglobulin classes

A

CH3 portion of the heavy gamma chain

42
Q

4 uses of Direct Antiglobulin Test

A

HDN
HTR
AIHA

43
Q

How many times would you wash RBC

A

3 times

44
Q

DAT can detect how many IgG and C3d

A

100-500 IgG molecules per RBC

400-1100 molecules C3d per RBC

45
Q

IAT can detect how many IgG and C3d

A

100-200 IgG and C3 molecules per RBC

46
Q

Factors affecting AGT

A 
R
R
T
I
W
S
A
C
47
Q

Source of false positive in AGT

A 
I
A
B
C
S
D
O
P
P
C
48
Q

3 types of Reaction mediums

A

22% Bovine Albumin
LISS
PEG

49
Q

Recommended method for the evaluation of AHG centrifugation time

A

1000 RCF in 20seconds

50
Q

Saline is buffered to a pH of _______

A

7.2 - 7.4

51
Q

The usual incubation temperature for the IAT

A

37*C

52
Q

The optimum temp for complement activation

A

37*C

53
Q

Incubation time for LISS

A

10-15 mins

54
Q

Incubation time using 22% bovine albumin

A

30 mins

55
Q

are macromolecule additive used with LISS to bring sensitized RBCs closer to each other to facilitate cross-linking and agglutination rxn .

A

PEG and Polybrene

56
Q

DAT incubation temperature

A

Room Temp 16-22*C

57
Q

Is a process that detects RBC antigen-antibody rxn by means of using a chamber filled with polyacrylamide gel

A

Gel Test

58
Q

It is a potent rouleaux forming reagent

A

Polybrene

59
Q

enummerate 4 modified and automated AGT techniques

A

LIP
ELAGT
SPT
Gel Test

60
Q

An anticoagulant used to collect samples for the DAT to avoid in vitro complement attachment associated with refrigerated clotted specimens

A

EDTA

61
Q

In ELAGT what is the usual OD

A

405 nm

62
Q

3 types of Gel Test

A

Neutral
Specific
Antiglobulin

63
Q

IgG subclasses that strongly binds to the complement

A

IgG 1 and IgG 3

64
Q

Drug induces Ab that binds to RBC only when drug is present in soluble form , unknown mechanis,

A

Type 3 (Drug Dependent)

65
Q

Ab reacts with normal RBCs when soluble drug is present

A

Type3 (Drug Dependent)

66
Q

Drug binds covalently to membrane proteins and stimulates hapten dependent Ab

A

Type 1 (Hapten Ab dependent)

67
Q

Drug induces autoantibody specific for RBC membrane protein through unknown mechanism

A

Type 2 ( Autoantibody)

68
Q

Type of Drug induce wherein Ab reacts with normal RBC in the absence of drug

A

Type 2

69
Q

Autoantibody reacts with patients RBC in in vivo

A

WAIHA

70
Q

Cold reactive IgM autoagglutinins binds to RBCs in peripheral circulation (32*C)

A

CAS

71
Q

The IgG autoantibody reacts with colder part of body, causes complement to be bound irreversibly to RBCs and then elutes to warmer temp

A

PCH

72
Q

IgM binds completely as RBCs return to warmer parts of the circulation

A

CAS

73
Q

IgM dissociates leaving RBCs coated only with complement

A

CAS

Fundamentals in Blood Bank (17 decks)

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