Anth 101 - Speech

Question 1

Speech Communities

Answer 1

languages associated with discrete groups of people.members don’t have identical knowledge, different ways of speaking languages.use linguistic resources in different ways.tensions arise in language diversity and commonality (black english vs white english)

Question 2

Get rest of slide four

Answer 2

do it

Question 3

6 design features of human language

Answer 3

.openness - human language is productive (speakers of same language can create new messages and understand new messages, allows infinite construction of ideas).arbitrariness: diff sounds mean diff things, no obv connection.duality of patterning: sound and meaning.displacement: can talk about absent or non-existent objects.semanticity: assoc of social/cultural/physical world w linguistic signals.prevarication (i.e. lying)

Question 4

according to terrence deacon, how did call systems and symbolic language evolve?

Answer 4

they coevolved alongside each other

Question 5

depending on the species how sophisticated are their call systems?

Answer 5

contain 15-40 calls

Question 6

human call systems and language in brain

Answer 6

controlled by two separate areas

Question 7

morphemes

Answer 7

units of meaning, syllables

Question 8

syntax

Answer 8

sentence structure

Question 9

semantics

Answer 9

meaning, colorless green ideas sleep furiously

Question 10

pragmatics

Answer 10

study of language in its context of use

Question 11

discourse

Answer 11

stretch of speech longer than a sentence, united by a common theme

Question 12

ethnopragmatics

Answer 12

study of language that relies on ethnographylooks at practice and habitus (day to day use)

Question 13

pidgin

Answer 13

language developed between members of communities that possess distince languages.no native speakers, used to communicate.radical negotiation of new meaningsi.e. CHINOOK JARGON (french and chinook)

Question 14

linguistic inequality

Answer 14

view that certain ways of speaking are standard and others are defective/inferior.african american english challenged from this perspective

Question 15

language ideology

Answer 15

unwritten rules shared by members of a speech community.what kinds of language are valued.developed out of cultural social and political history of group

Question 16

symbols

Answer 16

word action or image that stands for something else

Question 17

human psychological perception always takes place in a what?

Answer 17

cultural context! think taka masuda’s aquarium experiment!

Question 18

socialization

Answer 18

learn process, individuals develop skills need to interact well with other people in social group

Question 19

enculturation

Answer 19

learning process by which individuals come to terms with ways of thinking and feeling considered appropriate in their respective cultures