Anterior and Posterior Pituitary I and II Flashcards
What are the steroid hormones
aldosterone, cortisol
testosterone, estrogens, progestrone
bit D
what are the amino hormones
norepinephrine, epinephrine, thyroid hormones
What hormones are water soluble
peptide hormones, amine hormones
what hormones are lipid soluble
steroid hormones
what hormones bind to surface receptors
peptides, amine hormones
what hormones bind to receptors in cytosol or nucelus
steroid hormones, thyroid hormone
short loop negative feedback
goes from hypothalum to anterior pitutary back to hypothalumus
long loop negative feedback
goes from hypothalum to anterior pitutary to target organ then back to hypothalmus
adenohypophysis
another name for anterior pituitary
neurohypophysis
another name for posterior pituitary
what connects the posterior pituitary to hypothalamus
hypothalmohypophyscial tract
pars intermedia
between anterior an dposterior pituitary, poorly developed in humans
what hormones does the hypothalmus release
hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
hypothalamic thryrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone
growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
growth hormone inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)
action of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone
controls corticotropin or ACTH
action of TRH
controls TSH
stimulates secretion of prolactin
What 4 tropic hormones does the anterior pituitary release
ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH
What are the 2 nontropic hormones that the anterior pituitary releases
prolactin
growth hormone
function of ACTH
stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenocortical hormones by adrenal cortex
main affect is stimulation of cortisol synthesis and secretion
what is FSH synthesized by
gonadotropes of anterior piturtary
function of FSH
females - growth of follicles in ovaries
males - sperm maturation
what is LH stynthesized by
gonadotropes of anterior pitutary
function of LH
males - stimulation of testostrone synthesis
females - stimulation of oculation, formation of corpus letuem, estrogen/progesterone synthesis
regulators of GH secretion
GHRH
Somatostatin
Ghrelin
function of GH
stimulates protein synthesis and growth
stimulates production of insulin-like growth factors
function of prolactin
promotes development of female breast and milk production (BUT NOT EXCRETION)
what hormones are released by the posterior pituitary
vasopressin, oxytocin
what is the other name for vasopressin
ADH
what medication can cause equired diabetes insipidus
lithium
function of oxytocin
helps with breast feeding and uterus during pregnancy
milk let down reflex
myoepithelial cells lining the breast ducts contract causing milk ejection - may be in response to baby crying
how does oxytocin affect the uterus
distension of cervix and contraction of uterus stimulate release of oxytocin which has positive feedback
general functions of GH
increase rate of protein sythesis
increase release of fatty acid from adipose tissue
decreased use of glucose throughout the body
increase glucose synthesis by liver
increased insulin secretion
how does GH affect bone growth
stimulates osteoblasts
GH and insulin like growth factors
GH has a short half life, but somatomedin has a longer half life. GH can actually increase the production and release of IGF
panhypopitarism
pituitary gland doesn’t work the way it should, don’t get hormones
