Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
External oblique (origin/insertion)
Origin = lower 8 ribs
Insertion = xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 of iliac crest
Internal oblique (origin/insertion)
Origin = lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lumbar fascia
Inserts = lower 3 ribs and costal cartilages, linea alba, pubic crest and pectineal line
Transversus abdominus (origin/insertion)
Origin = lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbar fascia and lower 6 costal cartilages
Inserts = lines alba, pubic crest and pectineal line
Rectus abdominus (origin/insertion)
Origin = pubic crest and symphysis pubis
Inserts = 5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilages and xiphoid process
Pyramidalis (origin/insertion)
Origin = pubic symphysis and pubic crest
Inserts = lines alba
What does the rectus sheath contain?
Recurs abdominus and pyramidalis muscles
Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
Lower 5 intercostal and subcostal nerves
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
An oval slit in the aponeurotic fibres of the external oblique muscle, just above pubic tubercle
Where is the inguinal region?
Between lower part of abdomen and front of the thigh
Where does the inguinal ligament extend from?
From the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle.
What are the layers of the anterior abdomen?
Skin
Superficial fascia (camper’s and scarpa’s)
Muscle layers (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus)
Fascia transversalis
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
Where is the inguinal canal?
Just above and parallel to the medial half of the inguinal ligament
What is the deep inguinal ring?
An opening in the fascia transversalis above the middle of the inguinal ligament. Lies lateral to epigastric vessels.
What travels through the inguinal canal?
In males, the spermatic cord. In females, the round ligament of the uterus. In both there’s also the ilioinguinal nerve.
What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
External oblique and lateral half of internal oblique
What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Fascia transversalis, conjoint tendon, reflected ligament
What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament supported by the lacunar ligament
What makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia, internal oblique and transversus abdominus
What is the iliopubic tract?
Thickened inferior margin of fascia transversalis, a fibrous band that runs deep to the inguinal ligament.
What does the iliopubic tract cover?
The myopectineal orifice
What are the 5 folds of posterior fascia transversalis?
1 x median umbilical
2 x medial umbilical
2 x lateral umbilical
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
Most common inguinal hernia. Above and medial to pubic tubercle.
What is a direct inguinal hernia?
Hernial sac that bulges through posterior wall of inguinal canal, medial to inferior epigastric vessels.
What is a femoral hernia?
Hernial sac that descends through femoral canal within the femoral sheath. Lies at the femoral ring.
Where is Hesselbach’s triangle?
Between rectus abdominus and iliopubic tract.
