Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

from the skin to the parietal peritoneum, what are the fascial layers of the abdominal wall?

Answer 1

skin, fatty layer, membranous layer, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

Question 2

what are the attachment, innervation, and action of the external oblique muscle?

Answer 2

attachment - external surface of ribs 5-12, linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 iliac crest

innervation - thoracoabdominal nerve (T7-11), subcostal nerve (T12)

action - flexion and contralateral rotation of trunk

Question 3

what does the inferior margin of the external oblique form?

Answer 3

inguinal ligament

Question 4

what muscle of the abdominal wall is the largest and most superficial with fibers that run inferomedially?

Answer 4

external oblique

Question 5

what are the attachment, innervation, and action of the internal oblique muscle?

Answer 5

attachment - thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, inguinal ligament, inferior border of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pecten pubis

innervation - thoracolumbar nerve, subcostal nerve, 1st lumbar nerve

action - flexion and ipsilateral rotation of trunk

Question 6

what muscle of the abdominal wall is the intermediate layer, with an inferior margin that helps form the conjoint tendon

Answer 6

internal oblique

Question 7

the neurovascular plane is where in relation to the internal oblique muscle?

Answer 7

deep

Question 8

what vessels are a part of the neurovascular plane?

Answer 8

thoracoabdominal nerve, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, inferior intercostal artery, subcostal artery, lumbar artery, deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 9

what are the attachment, innervation, and action of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 9

attachment - internal surface of costal cartilage 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis

innervation - thoracolumbar nerve, subcostal nerve, L1

action - compress abdominal viscera

Question 10

what muscle is the innermost of the abdominal wall?

Answer 10

transversus abdominis

Question 11

what muscle is the vertical muscle of the abdominal wall?

Answer 11

rectus abdominis

Question 12

what are the attachment, innervation, and action of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 12

attachment - pubic symphysis, pubic crest, xiphoid process, 5-7th costal cartilage

innervation - thoracoabdominal nerve

action - flex trunk, compress abdominal viscera

Question 13

what is the rectus abdominis enclosed in?

Answer 13

rectus sheath

Question 14

what are the connective tissues that are part of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 14

tendinous intersections, linea alba, umbilical ring

Question 15

what are the functions of the muscle of the abdominal wall?

Answer 15

support abdomen, protect underlying viscera, increase abdominal pressure, move trunk, maintain posture

Question 16

what muscles perform flexion of the trunk?

Answer 16

rectus abdominis, psoas major

Question 17

what muscles perform ipsilateral rotation of the trunk?

Answer 17

internal oblique, iliocostalis, longissimus

Question 18

what muscles perform contralateral rotation of the trunk?

Answer 18

external oblique, transversospinalis

Question 19

what are the nerves that are found in the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 19

thoracoabdominal nerves (branch into anterior abdominal cutaneous nerves), subcostal nerves (T12 ventral ramus), iliohypogastric nerves (L1 ventral ramus), ilioinguinal nerves (L1 ventral ramus), nerve to umbilicus (T10)

Question 20

what forms the inguinal ligament?

Answer 20

inferior margin of external oblique

Question 21

what are the boundaries of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 21

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 22

what does the inguinal ligament form?

Answer 22

anterior and inferior wall of inguinal canal

Question 23

what reinforces the inguinal canal?

Answer 23

lacunar ligament

Question 24

what is the opening of the femoral canal inferior to the inguinal canal?

Answer 24

femoral ring

Question 25

what structures form the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 25

lateral crus, medial crus, intercrural fibers

Question 26

where is the epididymis located?

Answer 26

posterior surface of testis

Question 27

what forms the scrotum?

Answer 27

skin, dartos fascia

Question 28

the epididymis is continuous with what structure?

Answer 28

ductus deferens

Question 29

what are the parts of the epididymis?

Answer 29

head, tail, body

Question 30

what covers the testis?

Answer 30

tunica albuginea

Question 31

what are the main contents of the inguinal canal?

Answer 31

spermatic cord (males), round ligament of uterus (females)

Question 32

what forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 32

fibers of internal oblique

Question 33

what forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and forms the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 33

transversalis fascia

Question 34

what are the contents of the spermatic cord?

Answer 34

ductus deferens, testicular artery, artery of ductus deferens, cremasteric artery, pampiniform plexus, sympathetic nerves, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 35

what are the coverings of the spermatic cord?

Answer 35

internal spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, external spermatic fascia

Question 36

what are hernia sites in the inguinal region?

Answer 36

femoral, inguinal, obturator