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Anatomy Test 3 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the abdominal wall

A

Superior- right, and left costal margins, xiphisternal joint
Inferior- a line on either side, connecting that ASIS to the pubic symphysis
Lateral- vertical lines, ascending from the ASIS on each side
Posterior- lumbar paravertebral musculature

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2
Q

How was the abdomen divided?

A

Four planes and nine regions

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3
Q

Subcostal plane

A

Line through the most inferior points of the coastal cartilage, 10th coastal cartilage
the line passes through the body of L3 vertebrae

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4
Q

Transtubercular plane

A

Line passes through the iliac tubercles at the level of the L5 vertebrae

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5
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Clavicular lines extends inferior from the mid clavicle to the mid inguinal point

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6
Q

Transpyloric plane

A

Addisons plane

Imaginary horizontal plane located halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the pubic symphysis

Usually cuts through the pylorus of the stomach and the tips of the costal cartilages and the lower border of L5 vertebrae

It lies, roughly a hands breath between the sternum for midway between the zippy sternum and the umbilicus

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7
Q

Transpyloric plane transects…

A

Fundus of the gallbladder
Neck of the pancreas
Origins of the superior mesenteric artery
Hepatic portal vein
Root of a transverse Mesocolon
Duodenal Jejunum Junction
Highlight of the kidneys

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8
Q

Upper region

A

R hypochondriac
Epigastric
L hypochondriac

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9
Q

Middle region

A

R lumbar
Umbilical
L lumbar

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10
Q

Lower region

A

R inguinal
Hypogastric
L inguinal

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11
Q

Transumbilical plane

A

Left to right
Makes 4 quadrants with median plane

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12
Q

Median plane

A

Superior to inferior
Making 4 quadrants with transumbilical plane

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13
Q

Right upper quadrant

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Right suprarenal gland
Right kidney
Ascending colon superior part

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14
Q

Left upper quadrant

A

Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas body and tail
Left kidney
Transverse colon left half
Descending colon superior part

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15
Q

Right lower quadrant

A

Cecum
Vermiform appendix
Right ovary
Right ureter
Most of ileum

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16
Q

Left lower quadrant

A

Sigmoid colon
Descending colon inferior part
Left ovary
Left ureter
Left spermatic cord

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17
Q

External abdominal oblique

A

O- external surface of the 5th to 12th ribs
I- linea alba, pubic crest, iliac crest, pubic symphysis
N-inferior, five thoracic nerves and subcostal nerve T12 and iliohypogastric nerve
A- flex and rotate trunk, laterally rotate the trunk compress abdominal contents

Fibers travel medially and inferiorly

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18
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

A

O- thoracolumbar fascia anterior iliac crest lateral half of inguinal ligament
I- linea alba pubic crest ribs 10 to 12 inferior surface .
N- lower five thoracic nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric nerve
A- flex and rotate the trunk, laterally rotate the trunk compress abdominal contents

Fibers run medially and superiorly

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19
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

O- thoracolumbar fascia (lateral Raphae), iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of the inguinal ligament, internal surface of the coastal cartilage is seven to 12
I- linea alba pubic crest pubic synthesis
N- lower, five thoracic nerves, subcostal, and Illiohypogastric nerves
A- compress and support abdominal viscera
(Pull on lateral raphae and cinch down or tighten up two layers of thoracolumbar fascia to compress the spinal muscles and provide this hydraulic amplifier effect)

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20
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

O- pubic symphysis pubis crest
I- xiphoid process fifth and seventh costal cartilages
N- lower, five thoracic nerves, subcostal, and Illiohypogastric nerves
A- flexes trunk and tenses anterior abdominal wall

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21
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Dense, fibrous sheath enclosing the rectus abdominous muscle
Formed by fusion of aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles

22
Q

Rectus sheath Above the level of the umbilicus

A

Anteriorly- external abdominal oblique aponeurosis, and half of internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Posteriorly - half of internal abdominal oblique I’m gonna roses and aponeurosis of transversus abdominis

The anterior and posterior walls meet and fuse in the anterior median line called the linea alba

23
Q

Rectus sheath Below the level of the umbilicus

A

Anteriorly- aponeuroses of all three muscles now passing anteriorly over the rectus abdominous with no facia from the muscles passing posteriorly

Posteriorly - thin, fascial film remains posteriorly that protects the rectus abdominous from rubbing against the abdominal contents

The point of transition were all three upper neuroses pass entirely, is marked by the arcuate line

24
Q

Innervation of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Ventral primary rami of thoracic spinal nerves of T6 to T11
Ventral primary ramus of T12 subcostal nerve
Illiohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerves from ventral primary ramus of L1

25
Q

Landmarks for innervation for the anterior abdominal wall

A

T10 umbilical region
T7 xiphoid region
L2 pubic region

26
Q

Superior epigastric

A

Branch of the internal thoracic artery

27
Q

Inferior epigastric

A

A branch of the external iliac artery

28
Q

Where does the superior epigastric and inferior epigastric enter?

A

They enter the rectus sheath posterior to the rectus abdominis and anastomoses with the rectus muscle

29
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries that accompany the intercostal nerves

A

Also contribute to the arterial supply of the anterior abdominal wall

30
Q

Additional arterial supply for anterior abdominal wall come from where

A

Direct branches of the abdominal aorta and lumber arteries

31
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Passage from the abdominal cavity through the anterior abdominal wall
Formed by folds of the external oblique aponeurosis
Superficial and deep inguinal rings

32
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Fibrous band, extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

33
Q

Contents of the inguinal canal

A

Spermatic cord in males
Round ligament of the uterus in females
Inguinal nerve
Blood and lymphatic vessels

34
Q

Interspinous plane

A

Horizontal plane that Passes through the ASIS on each side

35
Q

Which planes lowers the nine regions inferiorly

A

Interspinous and Transpyloric plane

It can account for the sag of the viscera at the pull of gravity when the patient is standing

36
Q

The Planes create the four quadrants

A

Transumbilical plane
Median plane

37
Q

Abdominal facia

A

Skin
superficial fascia fatty layer campers facia
Superficial fascia membranous layer Scarpas facia

38
Q

Panniculi

A

Sagging folds in the abdomen
Apron

39
Q

Below the umbilicus

A

The deepest part of the subcutaneous tissue is reinforce by many elastic and collagen fibers

40
Q

Colles fascia

A

Continues inferiorly to the peritoneum region as a member, this layer of tissue of the peritoneum

Doesn’t extend into the thighs

41
Q

Superficial to deep abdominal wall

A

Skin
Camper facia
Scarpas facia
Abdominal muscles (with epimyosin)
-external oblique
-Internal oblique
-Transversus abdominis
Endoabdominal transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

42
Q

Arcuate line

A

Where all three sheaths of abdominal aponeuroses go anterior to rectus abdominis

43
Q

Posterior rectus sheath above arcuate line

A

Made up of half of the internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
and the transversus abdominis aponeurosis

44
Q

Anterior sheath above arcuate line

A

Half of the internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis, and all of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

45
Q

Superior epigastric artery

A

Continuation of internal thoracic artery

In coronary artery bypass surgery, can be detached from the anterior thoracic wall and connected to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) because if this is blocked, it usually leads to a massive ischemic attack

Which leaves the inferior epigastric artery to supply the anterior abdominal wall

46
Q

Thoracoepigastric vein

A

Helps drain the anterior abdominal wall
superficial vein that is not accompanied by an artery

Sometimes there are issues with this vein- caput medusae

47
Q

caput medusae

A

also known as the palm tree sign

The appearance of these distended engorged superficial epigastric veins
Which seems to be radiating from the umbilicus of the abdomen

Common in portal, hypertension
Can be caused by the dilation of the paraumbilical veins which carry oxygenated blood to the mother to the fetus in utero and normally close within a week of birth
And sometimes these can be re-catalyzed because of portal hypertension caused by liver failure

48
Q

hesselbachs triangle

A

medial inguinal fossa

region in the anterior abdominal wall

The boundaries
Medial border- lateral margin of the rectus sheath (linear semilunaris)
supralateral border- inferior epigastric artery and vein
Inferior border - inguinal ligament (pouparts ligament)

RIP

Contains depression, referred to, as the medial inguinal fossa, through which a direct inguinal hernia can protrude from the abdominal wall

49
Q

Direct hernias

A

Acquired

Results in a weakness in the floor of the inguinal canal it is more likely to develop and men over the age of 40

The floor of the inguinal canal is located just below the deep or internal inguinal ring

and a weakness in the floor allows for a piece of small intestine or bowel to loop through and come through the deep end superficial inguinal rings to poke out words

50
Q

indirect hernia

A

congenital

Natural weakness of the internal inguinal ring

congenital - closely adhered to the vas deferens
aquired- anatomically separate from the vas deferens

segments of the intestine prolapsed through the defect in the anterior abdominal wall
they cause a separate sequestration of fluid within the tube of the herniated bowel

Anatomy Test 3 (13 decks)

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