ANS control Flashcards
The ANS is under voluntary or involuntary control?
Involuntary control
What are some examples of physiological functions that the ANS controls?
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Body temperature
Response to exercise, stress
What are some examples of tissues that the ANS controls?
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle - vascular, viscerall
Exocrine gland secretion
What are the two divisions of the ANS?
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
How is the ANS divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Based on where the pre-ganglionic nerve fibres emerge from the spinal cord
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS tend to have opposite or similar effects on a tissue?
Opposite effects
When is sympathetic activity increased?
During stress
When is parasympathetic activity more dominant?
During basal conditions
How is sympathetic activity to different tissues increased?
Sympathetic activity to one particular tissue can increase independently
Or sympathetic activity to all tissues can increase altogether
What are the receptors of the sympathetic nerveous system?
A1
B1
B2
M3
Where are A1 receptors found?
Pupil of eye
Sweat glands
What does stimulation of A1 receptors lead to?
Contraction of radial muscle
dilation of pupul
Localised secretion of sweat
e.g. palms
Where are B1 receptors located?
The heart
What does stimulation of B1 receptors lead to?
Increase in heart rate
Increase in force of contraction
Where are B2 receptors located?
Lungs
What does stimulation of B2 receptors lead to?
Relaxation of smooth muscle in bronchi
bronchodilation
Where are sympathetic M3 receptors located?
Sweat glands
What does stimulation of sympathetic M3 receptors lead to?
Generalised secretion of sweat
What are the receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system?
M2
M3
Where are M2 receptors located?
Heart
What does stimulation of M2 receptors lead do?
Decrease in heart rate
Where are parasympathetic M3 receptors located?
Pupil of eye
Lungs
What does stimulation of the parasympathetic M3 receptors lead to?
Contraction of sphincter muscle
constriction of pupil
Contraction of smooth muscle in bronchi
bronchoconstriction
What does the ANS control in the cardiovascular system?
Herat rate
Force of contraction of heart
Peripheral resistance - contraction, relaxation of smooth muscle in arterioes
Venoconstriction - contraction, relaxation of smooth muscle in veins
At rest, sympathetic or parasympathetic inputs to the heart dominate?
Parasympathetic input
If the heart was denervated, would it still beat? Why?
Yes
SA node myocytes would still spontaneously depolarise
If the heart was denervated, how would the heart rate change? Why?
Heart rate would increase
because would have removed large parasympathetic input
What is the 10th cranial nerve?
The vagus nerve
What does the vagus nerve innervate?
SA node
AV node
Where does the vagus nerve synapse with the post-ganglionic nerve fibre?
Epicardial surface
or within myocardium at SA and AV node