ANS 2

Question 1

other name for parasympathetic NS

Answer 1

cholinergic

rest and digest

Question 2

functions of parasympathetic NS

Answer 2

• restoration of energy

- balance

Question 3

parasympathetic NS stimulates how much of body

Answer 3

one part or one system

Question 4

neurotransmitter of parasympathetic NS

Answer 4

acetylcholine (ACH)

Question 5

where is ACH in parasympathetic NS

Answer 5

at ganglia and postganlgionic nerve endings

Question 6

parasympathetic effect on heart

Answer 6

decreased HR, AV conduction, and contractility

Question 7

parasympathetic effect on intestines

Answer 7

increased GI motility and secretions

Question 8

parasympathetic effect on pupils

Answer 8

constriction (miosis)

Question 9

parasympathetic effect on respiratory passages

Answer 9

bronchoconstriction

Question 10

parasympathetic effect on urinary bladder

Answer 10

contraction

Question 11

parasympathetic effect on urinary sphincter

Answer 11

relaxation

Question 12

3 types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 12

• muscarinic
• nicotinic 1 (Nn)
• nicotinic 2 (Nm)

Question 13

what are all cholinergic receptors stimulated by

Answer 13

ACH

Question 14

where are muscarinic receptors located

Answer 14

cardiac and smooth muscle and glands

at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

Question 15

where are nicotinic 1 receptors located

Answer 15

at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area)

Question 16

where are nicotinic 2 receptors located

Answer 16

somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

Question 17

what do muscarinic receptors cause

Answer 17

• decreased HR
• bronchoconstriction
• increased digestion and GI secretions
• increased urination
• pupillary constriction

Question 18

what happens when nicotinic 2 receptors are stimulated

Answer 18

muscle contracts

Question 19

what are parasympathetic nerves

Answer 19

long preganglionic nerves

Question 20

what are the 2 types of parasympathetic drug effects

Answer 20

parasympathomimetics and parasympatholytics

Question 21

parasympathomimetics

Answer 21

drugs that mimic parasympathetic system

agonists and cholinergic

Question 22

parasympatholytics

Answer 22

drugs that work against parasympathetic system

antagonists and anticholinergics

Question 23

drug categories and subcategories of parasympathetic system

Answer 23

1. cholinergics/parasympathomimetics:
   - direct-acting cholinergic agonists
   - indirect-acting cholinergic agonists
2. anticholinergics/parasympatholytics

Question 24

cholinergic side effects

Answer 24

SLUDGE

salivation/sweating, lacrimation, diarrhea, GI upset, emesis

Question 25

types of sweat glands

Answer 25

eccrine and apocrine

Question 26

eccrine glands

Answer 26

non-hairy areas
sympathetic cholinergic control
muscarinic receptors 
stimulated by ACH
regulate body temp

Question 27

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 27

hairy areas
sympathetic adrenergic control
alpha 1 receptors
stimulated by EPI and NE
used to cool down when expending energy

Question 28

vagus nerve

Answer 28

parasympathetic fibers
slows heart, bronchoconstriction, increases GI activity, decreases BP
gag reflex

Question 29

parkinsons diseases

Answer 29

decreases levels of dopamine

leads to excessive ACH activity causing tremors/muscle rigidity