Allergy and Respiratory System Flashcards
functions of respiratory system
gas exchange
sympathetic simulation: beta 2 receptors, bronchodilaton
parasympathetic stimulation: muscarinic receptors, bronchoconstriction
types of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
chronic bronchitits
emphysema
chronic bronchitis
Chronic inflammation and irritation of respiratory tract, thickened mucus secretions, interference of gas exchange
Symptoms of chronic bronchitis
Difficulty breathing, chronic productive cough, increased respiratory infections
Causes an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Smoking and pollutants
Emphysema
Destruction of alveoli, enlargement of air spaces, expiratory air becomes trapped, respiratory exchange is reduced
Symptoms of emphysema
SOB, activity intolerance
What is emphysema strongly correlated from
smoking
COPD treated with
Steroids and bronchodilators
Asthma
airway obstruction, inflammation of bronchioles causing bronchoconstriction, mucosal edema, increased production of bronchial mucus
What are precipitating factors of asthma
Antigen/allergen, URI, exercise, emotional stress, environmental conditions, drugs
Symptoms of asthma
Wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, respiratory weakness/SOB
What is asthma treated with
Bronchodilators, steroids, allergy meds
When does an allergic response occur
mast cells release histamine which causes allergy symptoms and bronchoconstriction
Types of allergy drugs
Antihistamines, antiallergics, steroids