Allergy and Respiratory System Drug Classifications

Question 1

MOA of antiallergies (mast cell stabilizers)

Answer 1

inhibit mast cell release of histamine

Question 2

uses for antiallergies (mast cell stabilizers)

Answer 2

Prophylaxis for chronic allergic rhinitis, prevents asthma attacks

Question 3

drug example for antiallergies (mast cell stabilizers)

Answer 3

cromolyn sodium (Intal®, Nasalcrom®)

Question 4

side effects of antiallergies (mast cell stabilizers)

Answer 4

Nasal itching/dryness, nausea, drowsiness, headache, burning of eyes, bad taste

Question 5

MOA of antihistamines

Answer 5

black histamine from H-1 receptors

Question 6

2 types of antihistamine drugs

Answer 6

generation I (sedating)
generation II (non-sedating)

Question 7

examples of generation I antihistamine drugs

Answer 7

• brompheniramin (Dimetapp®)
• chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®)
• clemastine (Travist®)
• diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
• hydroxyzine (Atarax®)
• promethazine (Phenergan®)
• azelastine (Astelin®, Astepro®)

Question 8

side effects of generation I antihistamine drugs

Answer 8

sedation and xerostomia (dry mouth)

Question 9

examples of generation II antihistamine drugs

Answer 9

• loratadine (Claratin®)
• fexofenadine (Aleegra®)
• cetirizine (Zyrtec®)

Question 10

side effects of generation II antihistamine drugs

Answer 10

xerostomia (dry mouth)

Question 11

uses for antihistamine drugs

Answer 11

hay fever, insect bite, indue sleep, relieve motion sickness/vertigo, perennial/seasonal allergic rhinitis, hives, dermatitis, N/V, common cold symptoms

Question 12

types of bronchodilators

Answer 12

beta 2 adrenergic agonists
xanthine derivatives
anticholinergics

Question 13

MOA of beta 2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 13

stimulate beta 2 adrenergic receptors

Question 14

uses for beta 2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 14

asthma, COPD, URI, bronchitis

Question 15

drug examples for beta 2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 15

• albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
• terbutaline (Bretnine®)
• salmeterol (Serevent®)
• formoterol (Foradil®)

Question 16

side effects of beta 2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 16

tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, nervousness, N/V, headache

Question 17

MOA of xanthine derivatives

Answer 17

increased cyclic AMP causes bronchodilation and mucociliary clearance

Question 18

uses for xanthine derivatives

Answer 18

COPD, asthma

Question 19

what do all xanthine derivative drugs end in

Answer 19

“ophylline”

Question 20

xanthine derivative drug examples

Answer 20

• theophylline (Theo-dur®)

- aminophylline (Paladron®)

Question 21

side effects of xanthine derivatives

Answer 21

GI disturbances, N/V, increased urination, vasodilation, HA, flushing, decreased BP, insomnia, CNS stimulation, tremors, convulsions
check labs for levels-narrow TI

Question 22

MOA of anticholinergics

Answer 22

blocks muscarinic receptors and actions of ACH causing bronchodilation

Question 23

uses for anticholinergics

Answer 23

COPD, asthma, URI

Question 24

anticholinergic drug examples

Answer 24

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

Question 25

side effects of anticholinergic drugs

Answer 25

dries mucous membranes

Question 26

types of combo bronchodilators

Answer 26

anticholinergic + beta 2 agonist | ipratropium bromide + albuuterol sulfate (Combivent®)

Question 27

MOA of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibitors

Answer 27

inhibits formation of prostaglandin derivatives called leukotrienes

Question 28

use for cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibitors

Answer 28

prophylaxis and treatment of asthma/COPD/URI

Question 29

cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibitors drug examples

Answer 29

montelukast (Singulair®)

Question 30

side effects of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibitors

Answer 30

headache, nausea, diarrhea

Question 31

MOA of inhaled/nasal steroids

Answer 31

inhibit inflammatory response

Question 32

uses for inhaled/nasal steroids

Answer 32

asthma, allergic rhinitis, URI, cold, bronchitis

Question 33

inhaled/nasal steroids drug examples

Answer 33

- budenoside (Rhinocort®, Pulmicort®) - mometasone (Nasonex®, Asmanex®) - fluticasone (Flonase®, Flovent®) - flunisolide (Nasalide®) - triamcinolone (Nasacort®, Azmacort®)

Question 34

patient teaching for inhaled/nasal steroids

Answer 34

inhaler: rinse mouth to prevent thrush | nasall spray: point away from septum to present nosebleeds

Question 35

effects from prolonged use of inhaled/nasal steroids

Answer 35

changes in BP/blood sugars, osteoporosis, weight gain, difficulty sleeping, increased risk of infection, skin breakdown

Question 36

MOA of expectorants

Answer 36

increases respiratory secretions, lubricate and liquify mucus

Question 37

uses of expectorants

Answer 37

asthma, bronchitis, respiratory infections

Question 38

expectorant drug examples

Answer 38

guaifenesin (Robitussin®, Mucinex®, Organidin®)

Question 39

patient teaching for expectorants

Answer 39

have adequate water intake

Question 40

MOA for mucolytics

Answer 40

liquify bronchial secretions

Question 41

uses for mucolytics

Answer 41

asthma, bronchitis, respiratory infections

Question 42

drug examples of mucolytics

Answer 42

acetylcysteine

Question 43

patient teaching for mucolytics

Answer 43

have adequate water intake, can cause bronchospam- so usaullay combined w bronchodilator

Question 44

MOA for antitussives

Answer 44

prevents cough center in brain from being stimulated

Question 45

use for antitussives

Answer 45

cough suppression

Question 46

categories of antitussives

Answer 46

narcotics (opiod) | non-narcotics

Question 47

narcotic antitussive drug examples

Answer 47

- hydrocodone (Hycodan®) | - codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC®)

Question 48

patient teaching for narcotic antitussives

Answer 48

monitor for respiratory depression, may cause drowsiness and sedation, have adequate water intake

Question 49

non-narcotic antitussive drug examples

Answer 49

- dextromethorphan / guaifenesin (Robitussin DM®) | - benzonatate (Tessalon Perles®)

Question 50

patient teaching for non-narcotic antitussives

Answer 50

have adequate water intake

Question 51

MOA for decongestants

Answer 51

stimulate alpha 1 receptors, decrease swelling of mucous membranes, alleiate nasal stuffiness, allow secretions to drain

Question 52

uses for decongestants

Answer 52

colds, sinus infections, URI

Question 53

drug examples for decongestants

Answer 53

- oxymetazoline (Afrin®) - pheniramine (Dristan®) - phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®) - pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)

Question 54

side effects for decongestants

Answer 54

increased BP, nervousness, increased HR, "wired" feeling