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Pharmacology Unit 2 > Allergy and Respiratory System Drug Classifications > Flashcards

Allergy and Respiratory System Drug Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of antiallergies (mast cell stabilizers)

A

inhibit mast cell release of histamine

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2
Q

uses for antiallergies (mast cell stabilizers)

A

Prophylaxis for chronic allergic rhinitis, prevents asthma attacks

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3
Q

drug example for antiallergies (mast cell stabilizers)

A

cromolyn sodium (Intal®, Nasalcrom®)

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4
Q

side effects of antiallergies (mast cell stabilizers)

A

Nasal itching/dryness, nausea, drowsiness, headache, burning of eyes, bad taste

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5
Q

MOA of antihistamines

A

black histamine from H-1 receptors

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6
Q

2 types of antihistamine drugs

A 
generation I (sedating)
generation II (non-sedating)
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7
Q

examples of generation I antihistamine drugs

A
  • brompheniramin (Dimetapp®)
  • chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®)
  • clemastine (Travist®)
  • diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
  • hydroxyzine (Atarax®)
  • promethazine (Phenergan®)
  • azelastine (Astelin®, Astepro®)
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8
Q

side effects of generation I antihistamine drugs

A

sedation and xerostomia (dry mouth)

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9
Q

examples of generation II antihistamine drugs

A
  • loratadine (Claratin®)
  • fexofenadine (Aleegra®)
  • cetirizine (Zyrtec®)
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10
Q

side effects of generation II antihistamine drugs

A

xerostomia (dry mouth)

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11
Q

uses for antihistamine drugs

A

hay fever, insect bite, indue sleep, relieve motion sickness/vertigo, perennial/seasonal allergic rhinitis, hives, dermatitis, N/V, common cold symptoms

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12
Q

types of bronchodilators

A

beta 2 adrenergic agonists
xanthine derivatives
anticholinergics

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13
Q

MOA of beta 2 adrenergic agonists

A

stimulate beta 2 adrenergic receptors

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14
Q

uses for beta 2 adrenergic agonists

A

asthma, COPD, URI, bronchitis

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15
Q

drug examples for beta 2 adrenergic agonists

A
  • albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
  • terbutaline (Bretnine®)
  • salmeterol (Serevent®)
  • formoterol (Foradil®)
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16
Q

side effects of beta 2 adrenergic agonists

A

tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, nervousness, N/V, headache

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17
Q

MOA of xanthine derivatives

A

increased cyclic AMP causes bronchodilation and mucociliary clearance

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18
Q

uses for xanthine derivatives

A

COPD, asthma

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19
Q

what do all xanthine derivative drugs end in

A

“ophylline”

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20
Q

xanthine derivative drug examples

A
  • theophylline (Theo-dur®)

- aminophylline (Paladron®)

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21
Q

side effects of xanthine derivatives

A

GI disturbances, N/V, increased urination, vasodilation, HA, flushing, decreased BP, insomnia, CNS stimulation, tremors, convulsions
check labs for levels-narrow TI

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22
Q

MOA of anticholinergics

A

blocks muscarinic receptors and actions of ACH causing bronchodilation

23
Q

uses for anticholinergics

A

COPD, asthma, URI

24
Q

anticholinergic drug examples

A

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

25
Q

side effects of anticholinergic drugs

A

dries mucous membranes

26
Q

types of combo bronchodilators

A

anticholinergic + beta 2 agonist

ipratropium bromide + albuuterol sulfate (Combivent®)

27
Q

MOA of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibitors

A

inhibits formation of prostaglandin derivatives called leukotrienes

28
Q

use for cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibitors

A

prophylaxis and treatment of asthma/COPD/URI

29
Q

cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibitors drug examples

A

montelukast (Singulair®)

30
Q

side effects of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibitors

A

headache, nausea, diarrhea

31
Q

MOA of inhaled/nasal steroids

A

inhibit inflammatory response

32
Q

uses for inhaled/nasal steroids

A

asthma, allergic rhinitis, URI, cold, bronchitis

33
Q

inhaled/nasal steroids drug examples

A
  • budenoside (Rhinocort®, Pulmicort®)
  • mometasone (Nasonex®, Asmanex®)
  • fluticasone (Flonase®, Flovent®)
  • flunisolide (Nasalide®)
  • triamcinolone (Nasacort®, Azmacort®)
34
Q

patient teaching for inhaled/nasal steroids

A

inhaler: rinse mouth to prevent thrush

nasall spray: point away from septum to present nosebleeds

35
Q

effects from prolonged use of inhaled/nasal steroids

A

changes in BP/blood sugars, osteoporosis, weight gain, difficulty sleeping, increased risk of infection, skin breakdown

36
Q

MOA of expectorants

A

increases respiratory secretions, lubricate and liquify mucus

37
Q

uses of expectorants

A

asthma, bronchitis, respiratory infections

38
Q

expectorant drug examples

A

guaifenesin (Robitussin®, Mucinex®, Organidin®)

39
Q

patient teaching for expectorants

A

have adequate water intake

40
Q

MOA for mucolytics

A

liquify bronchial secretions

41
Q

uses for mucolytics

A

asthma, bronchitis, respiratory infections

42
Q

drug examples of mucolytics

A

acetylcysteine

43
Q

patient teaching for mucolytics

A

have adequate water intake, can cause bronchospam- so usaullay combined w bronchodilator

44
Q

MOA for antitussives

A

prevents cough center in brain from being stimulated

45
Q

use for antitussives

A

cough suppression

46
Q

categories of antitussives

A

narcotics (opiod)

non-narcotics

47
Q

narcotic antitussive drug examples

A
  • hydrocodone (Hycodan®)

- codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC®)

48
Q

patient teaching for narcotic antitussives

A

monitor for respiratory depression, may cause drowsiness and sedation, have adequate water intake

49
Q

non-narcotic antitussive drug examples

A
  • dextromethorphan / guaifenesin (Robitussin DM®)

- benzonatate (Tessalon Perles®)

50
Q

patient teaching for non-narcotic antitussives

A

have adequate water intake

51
Q

MOA for decongestants

A

stimulate alpha 1 receptors, decrease swelling of mucous membranes, alleiate nasal stuffiness, allow secretions to drain

52
Q

uses for decongestants

A

colds, sinus infections, URI

53
Q

drug examples for decongestants

A
  • oxymetazoline (Afrin®)
  • pheniramine (Dristan®)
  • phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
  • pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)
54
Q

side effects for decongestants

A

increased BP, nervousness, increased HR, “wired” feeling

Pharmacology Unit 2 (8 decks)

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