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Pharmacology Unit 2 > ANS 1 > Flashcards

ANS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

function of nervous system

A

control and coordinate activity of all body systems

voluntary and involuntary control

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2
Q

2 subdivisions of nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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3
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

receives and interprets sensory info and initiates motor responses

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4
Q

PNS nerves and functions

A

afferent nerves- sensory impulses towards CNS
efferent nerves- motor impulses away from CNS
cranial nerves- 12 pairs
spinal nerves- 31 pairs

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5
Q

divisions of PNS

A

somatic and autonomic

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6
Q

somatic nervous system

A

innervate skeletal muscle, voluntary control

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7
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

innervate cardiac and smooth muscle, involuntary control

regulates rate at which organs work by increasing or decreasing their activity = homeostasis

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8
Q

autorhythmicity

A

contraction without any stimulus

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9
Q

ANS is made of ganglia, which are __

A

collections of synapses

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10
Q

preganglionic nerve

A

emerges from spinal cord

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11
Q

postganglionic nerve

A

travels from ganglion to internal organ or gland

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12
Q

neurotransmitters

A

keep impulses going
chemical substance
stimulates organ/gland to produce a change or action

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13
Q

what do neurotransmitters bind to

A

receptors

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14
Q

subdivisions of ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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15
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight/fright/flight

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16
Q

other name for sympathetic

A

adrenergic

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17
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest

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18
Q

other name for parasympathetic

A

cholenergic

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19
Q

what does sympathetic NS regulate

A

activity of organs/glands during stressful situations

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20
Q

what is stimulated by sympathetic NS

A

whole body, not just one part

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21
Q

in sympathetic NS, where are ganglia from effector organ

A

far

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22
Q

neurotransmitters of sympathetic NS

A
  • acetylcholine (ACH)
  • norepinephrine (NE)
  • epinephrine (EPI)
  • dopamine (DA)
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23
Q

acetylcholine (ACH)

A

cholergenic

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24
Q

where is ACH release

A

at ganglia from presynaptic here endings (both systems)

25
Q

norepinephrine (NE)

A

adrenergic

26
Q

where is NE released

A

postganglionic nerve endings by adrenal medulla

27
Q

epinephrine (EPI)

A

adrenergic

28
Q

what is EPI produced by

A

adrenal medulla

29
Q

what is the precursor to NE

A

dopamine

30
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on adrenal medulla

A

release of NE

31
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on arteries

A

vasoconstriction

except coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle, which are dilated

32
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on heart

A

Increased HR, AV conduction, and contractility

33
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on intestines

A

Decreased G.I. motility and secretions

34
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on postganglionic

A

NE released

35
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on pupil

A

dilation (mydriasis)

36
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on respiratory passages

A

Bronchodilation

37
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on urinary bladder

A

relaxation

38
Q

sympathetic stimulation effect on urinary sphincter

A

contraction

39
Q

vasoconstriction

A

High rate of sympathetic nerve firing, increased BP, decreased blood flow

40
Q

vasodilation

A

Low rate of sympathetic nerve firing, decreased BP, increased blood flow

41
Q

Different sympathetic receptors

A

Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2

42
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors found

A

Glands, smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries and veins

43
Q

what do alpha 1 receptors cause

A

Smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction causing increased BP, dilation of pupils

44
Q

What are alpha 1 receptors stimulated by

A

NE and EPI

45
Q

What do alpha-2 receptors cause

A

Decreased contraction of smooth muscle causing vasodilation and decreased BP

46
Q

what kind of feedback system are alpha 2 receptors

A

negative

47
Q

where are beta 1 receptors located

A

on heart

48
Q

what do beta 1 receptors cause

A

Increased force of contraction
increased HR
increased conduction

49
Q

what are beta 1 receptors stimulated by

A

NE and EPI

50
Q

where are beta 2 receptors located

A

Smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

51
Q

what do beta 2 receptors cause

A

Smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, relaxation of coronary arteries and skeletal muscle blood vessels causing vasodilation

52
Q

what are beta 2 receptors stimulated by

A

EPI only

53
Q

sympathetic nerve fibers

length of neuron and where is ganglion in relation to effector organ

A

short preganglionic neuron

ganglion far from effector organ

54
Q

where is ACH in sympathetic nerve fibers

A

at ganglion

55
Q

where are nicotinic 1 receptors in sympathetic nerve fibers

A

at ganglion

56
Q

where is NE in sympathetic nerve fibers

A

postganglionic nerve endings

57
Q

where are adrenergic receptors in sympathetic nerve fibers

A

postganglionic nerve endings

58
Q

sympathomimetics

A

drugs that mimic the sympathetic system

agonists, adrenergics

59
Q

sympatholytics

A

Drugs that work against the sympathetic system

adrenergic blocking, blockers, inhibitors, antagonists

Pharmacology Unit 2 (8 decks)

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