Anorexia N Flashcards
____ ____ has three characteristics: restriction of behaviors to promote a healthy body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and being fat, and a distorted body image.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia usually begins in the early ____ years and is more common in women than men.
teen
____ changes that can occur after severe weight loss can be serious and life threatening.
Bodily
About __ percent of women with anorexia eventually recover, but it can take many years.
70
DSM-5 Criteria for ____ ____ Restriction of food that leads to very low body weight; body weight is significantly below normal Intense fear of weight gain Body image disturbance
Anorexia Nervosa
____ factors appear to play a role in both anorexia and bulimia. Both disorders tend to run in families, and twin studies support the role of genetics in the actual disorders and particular characteristics of the disorders, such as body preoccupation with thinness, and binge eating.
Genetic
The hypothalamus does not appear to be directly involved in eating disorders, and low levels of ____ ____ are seen concurrently with bulimia, but not before the onset of the disorder. Thus, changes in food intake could affect the opioid system instead of changes in the opioid system affecting food intake.
endogenous opioids
Research findings on the role of ____ in anorexia are mixed. Serotonin may play a role in bulimia, with studies finding a decrease in serotonin metabolites and smaller responses to serotonin agonists.
serotonin
Newer research suggests ____ may play a role in restrained eating, a characteristic that is found in people with eating disorders.
dopamine
The ____ factors do not do a particularly good job of accounting for some key features of anorexia and bulimia, in particular the intense fear of becoming fat.
neurobiological
____ ____ theories focus on body dissatisfaction, preoccupation with thinness and attention and memory.
Cognitive behavioural
The ____ Scale measures concerns about dieting and overeating and high scores are linked to binge eating among people without eating disorders.
Restraint
The eating pattern of people with bulimia and binge eating disorder is similar to, but more ____ than, the behaviour highlighted in the studies of restrained eaters.
extreme
Studies have found that concerns about body shape and weight ____ restrained eating, which in turn predicted an increase in binge eating.
predicted
People with eating disorders pay greater attention to food and body-image-related things, and they tend to remember these better as well, suggesting that their ____ and ____ may be biased toward food and body image.
attention and memory
Sociocultural factors, including society’s preoccupation with thinness, may play a role in eating disorders. This preoccupation is linked to dieting efforts, and ____ precedes the development of eating disorders among many people.
dieting
In addition, the preoccupation with thinness, as well as media portrayals of thin models predicts an increase in body ____, which also precedes the development of eating disorders.
dissatisfaction
____ associated with being overweight also contributes.
Stigma
Women are more likely to have eating disorders than men, and the ways in which women’s bodies are ____ may lead some women to see their bodies as others do (self-objectify), which in turn may increase body dissatisfaction and eating pathology.
objectified
Eating disorders are slightly more common among ____ ____ than women of colour. Eating disorders used to be more common among women of higher socioeconomic status, but this is less true today.
white women
Research on personality characteristics finds that ____ may play a role. Other personality characteristics that predicted disordered eating across 3 years include body dissatisfaction, the extent to which people can distinguish different biological states of their bodies, and a propensity to experience negative emotions.
perfectionism
Troubled family ____ are fairly common among people with eating disorders, but this could be a result of the eating disorder, not necessarily a cause of it.
relationships
High rates of ____ and ____ abuse are found among people with eating disorders, but these are not risk factors specific to the development of eating disorders.
sexual and physical
Psychiogical treatment of anorexia must first focus on ____ ____. Family therapy is common for anorexia, but studies are needed to deteremine whether this is effective.
weight gain
