Animal Slaughter and Dressing (Exam 1) Flashcards
During handling, why is it important for the animals to be free of fear and pain?
Better meat quality
When should animals be fasted?
12 to 24 hours before slaughter
What are 2 reasons that fasting is beneficial?
Ease of evisceration
Minimal GI bacterial contamination
What do you need when facilitating electrical stunning?
Free access to water
What are 3 benefits to free access to water?
Ease of blood removal
Ease of pelt removal
Brightening lean color
Why does water ease blood removal?
It thins the blood
What did the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978 call for?
Human handling and stunning practices and procedures
What did the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978 apply to?
All non-exempt federal and state plants
What was an exemption to the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978?
Ritual slaughter
What standards did the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978 create?
Maintenance and condition of pens, driveways, and slaughter facilities
What voltage electrical prods did the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978 allow?
Less than 50 V, subject to inspector’s approval
Can the animal be dragged without stunning according to the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978?
No
What must the animal have access to if held for more than 24 hours according to the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978?
Water and feed
According to the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978, an animal must be stunned before the animal can be _____. (5)
Shackled Hoisted Thrown Cast Cut
Why is stunning used?
To comatize, not kill
Render animals unconscious without feeling pain
Why is the medulla oblongata not destroyed?
To allow the animal to continue breathing and the heart to continue beating
What are the 3 different methods of stunning?
Mechanical
Chemical
Electrical
What is used in mechanical stunning?
Captive bolt stunning gun
What does mechanical stunning do to the animal?
Concussion
Penetration
What is the only approved substance for chemical stunning?
CO2
Why is chemical stunning beneficial?
No broken bones
No kicking
Is the stun-to-stick interval critical in chemical stunning? Why?
No
Heart pressure remains constant
What is the length of unconsciousness related to in chemical stunning?
The length of time in CO2
What species is electrical stunning used on?
Swine
Sheep
What are the 3 methods of electrical stunning?
Head only
Head-to-back
Head-to-rib
What are 2 issues with electrical stunning?
Bone breakage
Ecchymosis (blood splash)
Is the stun-to-stik interval important in electrical stunning?
Yes
How quickly should sticking occur after stunning? What happens if it takes longer?
Less than 60 seconds
Blood splash will occur
What are 6 guidelines for electrical stunning?
Wetted No ot wands Electrode position No double stun 1.25 amps Less than 3 seconds
What position can the animal be in for bleeding?
Horizontal or vertical
Why do pigs need to be horizontal?
Reduce stun-to-stick interval, PSE, and bruising
What is severed during bleeding?
Carotid arteries
Jugular veins
Anterior vena cava
How is hair removed from swine? (5)
Scald Dehair Shave Singe Depilate
In sheep, what is done during cradle dressing?
Skin forelegs and hindlegs
Fist over breast, abdomen, and sides
Fist over legs, back rump, and shoulder after hanging
In sheep, what is done during line dressing?
Skin forelegs, hindlegs, neck, breast, hand-work, and pulling
How many beef cattle are slaughter per day and per hour in a high speed operation?
4000-5000 per day
350-450 per hour
What kind of restrainer is used in beef?
V-Boss restrainer
What is the rail system like for beef?
Continuously powered
What is used to dehide beef?
Air dehider
What kind of hide puller is used at Tyson Fresh Meats?
3-in-a-row
What kind of hide puller is used at JBS?
Tandem
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