Animal Physiology And Cell Tissues - muscles and nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what tissue is responsible for nearly all types of body movement

A

muscle tissue

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2
Q

All muscle consists of filaments containing which two proteins

A

actin and myosin

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3
Q

By working together actin and myosin make muscles do what

A

contract

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4
Q

how many types of muscle tissue are there in the vertebrate body.

A

3

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5
Q

name the types of muscle tissue in the vertebrate body

A

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

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6
Q

what is another name for skeletal muscle

A

striated muscle

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7
Q

which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements

A

skeletal muscle

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8
Q

describe the structure of skeletal muscle

A

consists of bundles of long cells called muscle fibres

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9
Q

how do skeletal muscle fibres form

A

by the fusion of many cells, resulting in multiple nuclei in each muscle fibre

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10
Q

what is the name for the subunits of skeletal muscle

A

sarcomeres

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11
Q

what gives skeletal muscle its striated/striped look

A

the repeating sarcomere units along the fibres

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12
Q

is smooth muscle striated

A

no

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13
Q

what is the shape of smooth muscle

A

lattice shape - the cells are spindle shape

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14
Q

where is smooth muscle found

A

the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries and other internal organs

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15
Q

what type of muscle is responsible for involuntary body activities e.g. constriction of arteries, contraction of the heart and churning of stomach

A

smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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16
Q

which type of muscle forms the contractile wall of the heart

A

cardiac muscle

17
Q

is cardiac muscle striated

A

yes and it has similar contractile properties to skeletal muscle

18
Q

what aspect of cardiac muscle is different to that of skeletal muscle

A

cardiac muscle has branched fibres that interconnect via intercalated disks
These relay signals from cell to cell and help synchronise heart contraction

19
Q

is cardiac muscle divided into sarcomeres

20
Q

what about cardiac muscle allows for quick depolarisation and nerve transmission

A

the intercalated disks

21
Q

what is the function of nervous tissue

A

it functions in the receiving, processing and transmission of information in the for of chemical signals

22
Q

what do neurons/nerve cells do

A

transmit nerve impulses and support glial cells

23
Q

what is the difference between glial cells and nerve cells

A

glia do not participate directly in synaptic interactions and electrical signalling, although their functions help maintain the signalling abilities of neurons.

24
Q

what are neurons

A

the basic units of the nervous system

25
where do neurons receive impulses from
other neurons via its cell body and other extensions called dendrites
26
how do neurons transmit nerve impulses
neurons can transmit nerve impulses to other neurons , muscles or other cells via extensions called axons
27
what are the roles of the various types of glia
nourish, insulate and replenish neurons and sometime modulate neuron function
28
what is the central nervous system
the brain and the spinal chord
29
what is the peripheral nervous system
sensory and motor nerves
30
what responds to stimuli
sensory nerves from sensory organs
31
what activates contraction
motor nerves to muscles
32
an outgoing signal comes from an
axon
33
an incoming signal arrives via
dendrites
34
what is multiple sclerosis
degenerative disease that attacks the central nervous system white blood cells attacks neurons fatty tissues around the nerve fibres in the brain and spinal chord are affected
35
which muscle types have low power and which muscle types have high power
cardiac and skeletal - high | smooth - low