Animal Physiology And Cell Tissues - muscles and nerves Flashcards
what tissue is responsible for nearly all types of body movement
muscle tissue
All muscle consists of filaments containing which two proteins
actin and myosin
By working together actin and myosin make muscles do what
contract
how many types of muscle tissue are there in the vertebrate body.
3
name the types of muscle tissue in the vertebrate body
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
what is another name for skeletal muscle
striated muscle
which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements
skeletal muscle
describe the structure of skeletal muscle
consists of bundles of long cells called muscle fibres
how do skeletal muscle fibres form
by the fusion of many cells, resulting in multiple nuclei in each muscle fibre
what is the name for the subunits of skeletal muscle
sarcomeres
what gives skeletal muscle its striated/striped look
the repeating sarcomere units along the fibres
is smooth muscle striated
no
what is the shape of smooth muscle
lattice shape - the cells are spindle shape
where is smooth muscle found
the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries and other internal organs
what type of muscle is responsible for involuntary body activities e.g. constriction of arteries, contraction of the heart and churning of stomach
smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
which type of muscle forms the contractile wall of the heart
cardiac muscle
is cardiac muscle striated
yes and it has similar contractile properties to skeletal muscle
what aspect of cardiac muscle is different to that of skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle has branched fibres that interconnect via intercalated disks
These relay signals from cell to cell and help synchronise heart contraction
is cardiac muscle divided into sarcomeres
yes
what about cardiac muscle allows for quick depolarisation and nerve transmission
the intercalated disks
what is the function of nervous tissue
it functions in the receiving, processing and transmission of information in the for of chemical signals
what do neurons/nerve cells do
transmit nerve impulses and support glial cells
what is the difference between glial cells and nerve cells
glia do not participate directly in synaptic interactions and electrical signalling, although their functions help maintain the signalling abilities of neurons.
what are neurons
the basic units of the nervous system
where do neurons receive impulses from
other neurons via its cell body and other extensions called dendrites
how do neurons transmit nerve impulses
neurons can transmit nerve impulses to other neurons , muscles or other cells via extensions called axons
what are the roles of the various types of glia
nourish, insulate and replenish neurons and sometime modulate neuron function
what is the central nervous system
the brain and the spinal chord
what is the peripheral nervous system
sensory and motor nerves
what responds to stimuli
sensory nerves from sensory organs
what activates contraction
motor nerves to muscles
an outgoing signal comes from an
axon
an incoming signal arrives via
dendrites
what is multiple sclerosis
degenerative disease that attacks the central nervous system
white blood cells attacks neurons
fatty tissues around the nerve fibres in the brain and spinal chord are affected
which muscle types have low power and which muscle types have high power
cardiac and skeletal - high
smooth - low
