Animal Physiology And Cell Tissues - muscles and nerves

Question 1

what tissue is responsible for nearly all types of body movement

Answer 1

muscle tissue

Question 2

All muscle consists of filaments containing which two proteins

Answer 2

actin and myosin

Question 3

By working together actin and myosin make muscles do what

Answer 3

contract

Question 4

how many types of muscle tissue are there in the vertebrate body.

Answer 4

3

Question 5

name the types of muscle tissue in the vertebrate body

Answer 5

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

Question 6

what is another name for skeletal muscle

Answer 6

striated muscle

Question 7

which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements

Answer 7

skeletal muscle

Question 8

describe the structure of skeletal muscle

Answer 8

consists of bundles of long cells called muscle fibres

Question 9

how do skeletal muscle fibres form

Answer 9

by the fusion of many cells, resulting in multiple nuclei in each muscle fibre

Question 10

what is the name for the subunits of skeletal muscle

Answer 10

sarcomeres

Question 11

what gives skeletal muscle its striated/striped look

Answer 11

the repeating sarcomere units along the fibres

Question 12

is smooth muscle striated

Answer 12

no

Question 13

what is the shape of smooth muscle

Answer 13

lattice shape - the cells are spindle shape

Question 14

where is smooth muscle found

Answer 14

the walls of the digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries and other internal organs

Question 15

what type of muscle is responsible for involuntary body activities e.g. constriction of arteries, contraction of the heart and churning of stomach

Answer 15

smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Question 16

which type of muscle forms the contractile wall of the heart

Answer 16

cardiac muscle

Question 17

is cardiac muscle striated

Answer 17

yes and it has similar contractile properties to skeletal muscle

Question 18

what aspect of cardiac muscle is different to that of skeletal muscle

Answer 18

cardiac muscle has branched fibres that interconnect via intercalated disks
These relay signals from cell to cell and help synchronise heart contraction

Question 19

is cardiac muscle divided into sarcomeres

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what about cardiac muscle allows for quick depolarisation and nerve transmission

Answer 20

the intercalated disks

Question 21

what is the function of nervous tissue

Answer 21

it functions in the receiving, processing and transmission of information in the for of chemical signals

Question 22

what do neurons/nerve cells do

Answer 22

transmit nerve impulses and support glial cells

Question 23

what is the difference between glial cells and nerve cells

Answer 23

glia do not participate directly in synaptic interactions and electrical signalling, although their functions help maintain the signalling abilities of neurons.

Question 24

what are neurons

Answer 24

the basic units of the nervous system

Question 25

where do neurons receive impulses from

Answer 25

other neurons via its cell body and other extensions called dendrites

Question 26

how do neurons transmit nerve impulses

Answer 26

neurons can transmit nerve impulses to other neurons , muscles or other cells via extensions called axons

Question 27

what are the roles of the various types of glia

Answer 27

nourish, insulate and replenish neurons and sometime modulate neuron function

Question 28

what is the central nervous system

Answer 28

the brain and the spinal chord

Question 29

what is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 29

sensory and motor nerves

Question 30

what responds to stimuli

Answer 30

sensory nerves from sensory organs

Question 31

what activates contraction

Answer 31

motor nerves to muscles

Question 32

an outgoing signal comes from an

Answer 32

axon

Question 33

an incoming signal arrives via

Answer 33

dendrites

Question 34

what is multiple sclerosis

Answer 34

degenerative disease that attacks the central nervous system
white blood cells attacks neurons
fatty tissues around the nerve fibres in the brain and spinal chord are affected

Question 35

which muscle types have low power and which muscle types have high power

Answer 35

cardiac and skeletal - high

smooth - low