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Neuropharmacology of Addiction > Animal Models > Flashcards

Animal Models Flashcards

1
Q

What is self administration in an animal model

A

the animal presses a lever/nose poke to receive an intravenous injection of a drug; paired with a light or cue

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2
Q

What is an Operandum

A

the response apparatus

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3
Q

what is a reinforcement schedule

A

prescribed contingency between instrumental responding and reinforcements

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4
Q

what is a schedule demand

A

number of response(s) required to receive reinforcing stimulus

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5
Q

what is schedule completion

A

performance of the set of responses required for delivery of reinforcer

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6
Q

what is a fixed ratio

A

constant number of times the animal must complete the behavior to receive the drug on successive trials

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7
Q

what is a progressive ratio

A

the number of times the animal must complete the behavior increases with each drug administration

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8
Q

what is the breaking point

A

the maximum amount of work the animal is willing to do to get the drug

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9
Q

what is extinction

A

instrumental responses are no longer reinforced or the CS-US relationship is eliminated

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10
Q

what “yoked” administration

A

drug given passively at the same time increments as animals who are self administering the drug; unpredictable for the animal

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11
Q

what is pavlovian classical conditioning

A

pairing cue light with cocaine infusion

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12
Q

what is the unconditioned stimulus of pavlovian conditions in terms of drug research

A

the drug

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13
Q

what is the conditioned stimulus of pavlovian conditioning in terms of drug research

A

cue light

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14
Q

what is operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning)

A

an association between actions and the consequence of those actions

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15
Q

What is necessary for models of addiction and why

A

volitional drug exposure; involves different neurochemical responses and adaptions than passive drug exposure

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16
Q

why is passive drug expose useful for addiction models

A

studying effects of prenatal and early adolescent drug use on propensity for drug seeking/ taking in adulthood; facilitate acquisition of self administration by prompting development of tolerance to adverse effects

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17
Q

What are the pros of pavlovian models

A

demonstrate rewarding/adverse effects
high predictive validity for detecting drugs with abuse potential
time efficient and convenient for assessing hedonic effects and drug withdrawal

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18
Q

what are the cons of pavlovian models

A

limited to passive drug use
rewarding effects of drugs that do not produce euphoria can be masked by anxiogenic or adverse effects

19
Q

What is CPP

A

conditioned place preference

20
Q

what is CPA

A

conditioned place aversion

21
Q

What is a sign tracker

A

maintain more contact with a reward predictive CS

22
Q

what is a goal tracker

A

tend to orient towards the reward location

23
Q

What is intracranial self stimulation paradigm used for

A

assessing the animals hedonic state

24
Q

How is intracranial stimulation paradigm conducted

A

instrumental responses reinforced with brief electrical stimulation of brain tissue

25
Q

What does the intracranial stimulation paradigm measure

A

measures the reward threshold (the minimum frequency at which it reinforces instrumental responding)

26
Q

what is intracranial stimulation limited by

A

rate altering effects of drugs (stimulant or sedative effects on behavior)

27
Q

what is intracranial stimulation though to mimic

A

anhedonia in chronic drug users

28
Q

what is the runaway paradigm

A

drug exposure is contingent upon entry into the goal box; measures the motivational effects of the drug

29
Q

how is the runaway paradigm conducted

A

olfactory stimuli in the start box is conditioned to signal drug availability in the goal box

30
Q

why is the runaway paradigm used in experiments

A

procedure can detect reinforcing and aversive effects of DOA and the development of tolerance to anxiogenic and other aversive drug effects

31
Q

what is the pros of a fixed ratio

A

easy for subjects to acquire
identify reinforcing property of self administered drug
produce strong response-drug associations and high drug intake

32
Q

what are the cons of a fixed ratio

A

generate U shape dose-effect curve
Descending limb of DR curve indicated decrease in instrumental responding due to aversive and/or rate altering effects of drugs at high doses

33
Q

what is the limitations of a progressive ratio

A

there may be drug induced performance impairments early in the session

34
Q

What are concurrent schedules useful for

A

can be optimized to compare the relative reinforcing effect of different drugs

35
Q

what is a chain schedule useful for

A

can be used to study the difference between drug seeking and drug taking

36
Q

what is the escalation effect

A

increase in drug intake during extended-access drug self administration

37
Q

how is concurrent schedules conducted

A

2 or more reinforcing schedules are implemented simultaneously via distinct operanda

38
Q

how are chain schedules conducted

A

2 or more reinforcement schedules implemented in a fixed sequence

39
Q

How is cue induced drug seeking modeled

A

second order reinforcement schedule involves extended periods of drug seeking maintained by drug associated conditioned stimuli

40
Q

what is the forced abstinence model

A

animals kept in alternative context without access to the operandum

41
Q

what are the animal models for binge/intoxication

A

self administration
brain stimulation reward
place preference

42
Q

what are the animal models for withdrawal

A

brain stimulation reward
place aversion

43
Q

what are the animal models for the transition to addiction

A

dependence induced drug taking
escalation in drug self administration with prolonged access
drug taking despite aversive consequences

Neuropharmacology of Addiction (15 decks)

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