Addiction Flashcards
what is use defined as in OLDER terms
used for psychoactive effects without any immediate problems
ex. social drinker
what is abuse defined as in OLDER terms
persistent use that often leads to negative consequences
what is dependence defined as in OLDER terms
defined by presence of physiological dependence (having tolerance and withdrawal)
what is addiction defined as in OLDER terms
defined by the presence of behavioral compulsion - the inability to stop taking the drug despite significant negative consequences
what is the newer terminology of addiction
substance use disorder is defined on a spectrum from mild, moderate, to severe
what are the stages of the addiction cycle
- preoccupation anticipation
- binge intoxication
- withdrawal negative affect
how is addiction defined in the medical model
sick person seeking wellness
SUD is a chronic disease
treatment improves outcome
lack of treatment may lead to morbidity and mortality
characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences
how is SUD defined as a chronic disease
biological basis
identifiable signs and symptoms
predictable course and outcome
what is addiction characterized by according to the American Society of Addiction Medicine
inability to consistently abstain
impairment in behavioral control
craving
diminished recognition of significant problems with ones behaviors and interpersonal relationships
a dysfunctional emotion response
what are the roles of behavioral therapies in addiction
engage people in treatment
modify attitudes and behaviors
increase skills to handle cravings
enhance effectiveness of medications
help people remain in treatment longer
what is the roles of medication in addiction
treating withdrawal symptoms
treating cravings
preventing relapse
How is dopamine related to drug use
drug use causes the VTA to release dopamine onto the nucleus acumbens which stimulates the reward pathway and produces euphoria and teaches person to repeat the behavior
how do drugs differ from natural rewards in the brain
the magnitude of dopamine released in the brain can be up to 10 times greater than dopamine released naturally
how does the brain compensate for increased amounts of dopamine release
the brain will down regulate dopamine synthesis and dopamine receptor expression
How does the down regulation of dopamine receptors affect the natural brain
the ability to experience natural pleasure is decreased because the natural amount of dopamine released is not enough to produce a response
