Animal Cell Specialisation Flashcards
are most animal cells specialised or unspecialised?
most animal cells are specialised
what does it mean for a plant cell to be specialised?
this means that the have adaptations to help them carry out a particular function
what do scientists/we call it when a cell becomes specialised?
cell differentiation/ a cell has differentiated
what is the function of a sperm cell?
to fertilaise/ fertilisation
to join with an ovum(egg cell)
what happens to the DNA of an ovum and a sperm cell during fertillisation
the genetic information of the ovum and the sperm cell combine.
where do sperm cells contain their genetic material?
in the nucleus
whats special about the sperm cells genetic information?
sperm cells only contain half of the genetic material of a normal adult cell.
what features do sperm cells have?
a long tail mitochondria nucleus tail enzymes
2 ways in which sperm cells are specialised to swim to the ovum(egg cell) better
The long tail allows them to swim to the ovum easier, they are also streamlined to make this easier
where are enzymes found in the sperm cell ?
they are found in the acrosome
what is the function of the mitochondria in a sperm cell
provides the energy needed for swimming
where is the mitochondria found in a sperm cell
the mitochondria in a sperm cell is found in the FLAGELLUM
what is the function of the enzymes in a sperm cell
to digest their way through the ovum (egg cell)
what is the function of a nerve cell?
The job of a nerve cell is to send electrical impulses around the body
Name the 4 features of a nerve cell
axon
myelin
dendrites
synapses(junctions)
what is the function of the axon?
the axon carries the electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
where is the myelin found?
what is the function of the myelin?
the myelin insulates the axon and helps speed up the transmissions of nerve impulses
What are synapses?
where are they found?
Synapses are found on the end of an axon
Synapses are junctions which allow the impulse to pass from one nerve cell to another
what are dendrites and what is their function?
dendrites are tree-like features that increase the surface area making it easier to connect with other nerve cells
what is the key feature/ability of muscle cells
they can contract (get shorter)
how do/can muscle cells contract?
they contain protein fibres which can change their length
what do the protein fibres in muscle cells do?
help them change their length
what happens to the protein fibres when muscle cells contract?
these protein fibres shorten, decreasing the length of the cell.
where are mitochondria found in a muscle cell
within the cell, around the nucleus
