ANFF topic 3 part 1 Flashcards
What does digestibility of feed determine?
- amount that is actually absorbed by an animal
- availability of nutrients for growth & reproduction
What is the nutritive value of feeds determined by?
- composition
- odour (must be suitable for the animal)
- texture & taste
What can digestibility measurement determine?
- determine the nutritive value of a feed
- predict animal performance
- proper feeding and management of animals
What does the soluble portion of the feed assist in?
taken up by blood circulation and assists in
- supplying the animal body with material for building (protein)
- repair of tissue
supply of energy necessary for body functions (carbs)
What quantity of nutrients is required for maintenance?
- quantity of nutrients to keep the animal alive in a thermo-neutral environment (ideal comfort zone) at ‘steady state’ such that the animal is neither gaining nor losing body weight
What is surplus of nutrients for?
- productive purposes
When is an increased quantity of nutrients needed?
- stress
- disease
- hot/cold environments
- increased activity
What are the 8 classes of feeds?
- dry forages & roughages
- pasture
- silages
- energy feeds
- protein supplements
- mineral supplements
- vitamin supplements
- additives
What are dry forages and roughages high in?
- high % of fibre
What are the types of dry forages and roughages?
- grass hays
- prairie hays
- legume hays
What are prairie hays lower in?
- protein
What are legume hays higher in? State some examples of legume hays.
- higher in protein, energy, calcium, phosphorus
- alfalfa
- soybean
- lespedeza (fed to lactating dairy cows)
What are the benefits of pastures?
- can reduce feed cost (it is natural)
- provide plenty of vitamins
- good quality proteins
What is a limitation of pastures?
- overgrazed pasture of short forage can be a serious source of internal parasite infestation (in the animal)
What animals are pastures usually used for?
- mares (female horses)
- foals (>1 yr old horse)
What are silages?
- type of fodder made from green foliage crops
- preserved by acidification through fermentation
What animals feed on silages?
- sheep
- cattle
- gets nutrients faster because silages have been pre-digested (fermentation)
What percentage of protein and crude fibres do energy feeds contain (dry weight)?
- <20% protein
- <18% crude fibre
What are some examples of energy feeds?
- fish (raw), grains, mill by-products
What percentage of protein do protein supplements contain (dry weight)?
- > 20% protein