ANFF topic 1 part 3 Flashcards
What are the steps in obtaining nutrition and energy from food?
- ingestion
- digestion
- absorption
- elimination
What is ingestion?
- process of taking in food through the mouth
Define digestion.
- the mechanical and chemical break down of food into small organic fragments that is a suitable size for absorption across the digestive epithelium
- large, complex molecules of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids must be reduced to simpler particles
What digestion happens in the mouth?
- beginning of digestion
- the salivary enzyme amylase begins the breakdown of food starches into maltose (disaccharide)
What occurs in the oesophagus?
- no significant digestion of carbs take place
- no digestive enzymes present
- produce mucous for lubrication
What do monosaccharides make up the disaccharides?
- maltose –> glucose + glucose
- sucrose –> glucose + fructose
- lactose –> glucose + galactose
What enzymes are present in the small intestinal wall?
- maltase
- sucrase
- lactase
Where is amylase from and what does it break down?
- from pancreatic juice
- breakdown of starch and glycogen into maltose
What happens to glucose after it has been broken down?
- absorbed and can be used in metabolic pathways to harness energy
- transported through the intestinal epithelium into the bloodstream to be transported to the different cells in the body
What takes place in the stomach?
- protein digestion
What breaks down protein in the stomach?
- pepsin
- protein to peptides
What enzymes in the duodenum break down peptides into smaller peptides?
- trypsin
- elastase
- chymotrypsin
What is pepsin produced by?
- stomach chief cells
What enzymes break down proteins into peptides?
- pepsin
- trypsin
- elastase
- chymotrypsin
What enzymes break down peptides into smaller peptides and amino acids?
- carboxypeptidase
- aminopeptidase
- dipeptidase