Anatomy W3 - The Face Flashcards
What does the infraorbital nerve’s sensory supply?
The front of the cheek, the side of the nose, the lower eyelid and the upper lip.
What nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?
The facial nerve
What pharyngeal arch gives rise to the muscles of facial expression and is supplied by the facial nerve?
The 2nd arch
List the muscles of facial expression.
The frontalis
The oblicularis oculi - palpable and orbital parts
The procerus
Oblicualris oris
Levator labia superioris
Depressor labia inferioris
Levator anguli oris
Depressor anguli oris
Zygomaticus major and minor
Risorius
Levator labii superior alaeque nasi
Platysma
Buccinator
What is the epicranial aponeurosis?
Fleshy fibres that give way to a flattened tendon which runs over the vault of the skull.
Unites bellies of the frontalis
What is the fucntion of the frontalis?
Wrinkle the forehead
Raise eyebrows
Where is the palpable part of the oblicularis oculi?
Fine muscle inside the eyelid
What is the function of the palpable part of the oblicularis oculi?
Blinking
Where is the orbital part of the oblicularis oculi?
Coarser bundles of skeletal muscle beyond the area of the eyelid
What is the function of the orbital part of the oblicularis oculi?
Close the eye tightly
What is the function of the medial palpable ligament?
Provides attachment for the muscles
What is the function of the procerus?
Draws the medial ends of the eyebrows together
(in bright light/concentration)
Where is the oblicularis oris?
Fine skeletal muscle around the lips beyond the vermillion border.
What is the function of the oblicularis oris?
Ensures lips are sealed whilst eating/drinking
Pursing/protruding the lips
Has a role in speech
What is the function of the levitator labia superioris?
Elevates the upper lip
What is the function of the depressor labia inferioris?
Depresses the lower lip
What is the function of the levitator anguli oris?
Pulls the corner of the mouth up
What is the function of the depressor anguli oris?
Pulls the corner of the mouth down
What is the function of the risorius?
Pulls the corner of the mouth to the side in a rising smile/grin
What is the function of the levitator labii superioris alaeque nasi?
Elevates the side of the nose and the upper lip
Dilates the nostrils
Involved in sneering/sneezing
What is the function of the platysma?
Wrinkles the skin of the neck and maintains the tone in the skin of the neck.
What is the function of the buccinator?
Gives tone to the cheek.
Role in mastication:
Prevents food getting stuck in the vestibules of the cheek.
Pushes food between the teeth.
Expelling air forcefully - whistling & playing an instrument
Why is swelling of the parotid gland painful?
Parotid gland is surrounded by dense fascia.
This fascia doesn’t stretch therefore the pressure within the gland rises and causes pain.
What muscles of facial expression is supplied by the temporal branch of the facial nerve?
Upper part of the oblicularis oculi
Procerus
Frontalis
What muscles of facial expression is supplied by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?
The lower part of the oblicularis oculi
Zygomaticus major and minor
Levator Labii Superioris (plus plaque nasi)
Levator anguli oris
Risorius
Procerus?
What muscles of facial expression is supplied by the buccal branch of the facial nerve?
Buccinator
Oblicularis oris
The muscles elevating into the upper lip
- Levator labi superiors
- Zygomaticus major
- lavator anguli oris
- alequae nasi
Procuses
Rizorius
What muscles of facial expression is supplied by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve?
The muscles of the lower lip:
Depressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
Oblicularis oris
What muscles of facial expression is supplied by the cervical branch of the facial nerve?
The platysma
Describe the appearance of the facial VEIN.
Straight
Describe the appearance of the facial ARTERY.
Twisted
What strcuture does the facial VEIN fill into?
The internal jugular vein
What structure does the facial ARTERY receive blood from?
The external carotid
Why do deep cuts in the lip cause large bleeds?
Rupture of the end to end anastomoses across the midline between the right and left superior labial branches of the facial artery In the upper lip.
and rupture of the end to end anastomoses across the midline between the right and left inferior labial branches of the facial artery In the lower lip.
What kind of secretions are present in the parotid gland?
Serous
Where is the opening to the parotid duct?
2nd upper molar
What structures are present within the parotid gland?
The facial nerve
The external carotid artery
The Retromandibular vein
Describe how cuts will heal if they go ALONG the lines of stress.
If cuts go along they will heal nicely with less noticeable scars
How would you test for function of the facial nerve?
Raise eyebrows -temporal branch
Shut eyes tight - temporal and zygomatic branches
Smile - buccal branch
Sad face - marginal mandibular branch
Puffing cheeks - buccal and marginal mandibular branches
Wrinkle neck - cervical branch
What nerve supplies the buccinator?
The buccal branch of the facial nerve
Describe the arrangement of fibres in the buccinator.
Upper fibres run into the upper lip and blend into the oblicularis oris
The central fibres split into 2;
The upper fibres cross and go into the lower lip
The lower fibres cross and go into the upper lip.
The lower fibres run into the lower lip and blend with the oblicularis oris
