Anatomy W11 - The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pupil of the eye?

A

An opening where light enters the eye to reach the retina

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2
Q

What is the iris of the eye?

A

A diaphragm that regulates the diameter of the pupil and controls the amount of light entering the eye.

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3
Q

In health, how should the eyelid appear in relation to the iris?

A

The eyelid should cross the upper iris (no sclera seen above the iris)

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4
Q

In disease i.e. hyperthyroidism, how does the eyelid appear in relation to the iris?

A

Sclera can be seen all the way around the iris giving a staring look.

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5
Q

What is the lacriminal caruncle? Where is this found?

A

This is a fleshy papilla found at the medial end of the eye.

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6
Q

What is sclera?

A

The white outermost coating of the eye - covered by conjunctiva (mucous membrane).

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7
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Red and itchy eyes caused by Infection of the conjunctiva, mucous membrane covering the eye.

Very contagious

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the curvature of the hairs of the eyelashes?

A

Prevents the upper and lower eyelashes from sticking together when eyes are closed.

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9
Q

Where are the follicles of the eyelashes situated on the eyelid?

A

The outer square of the eyelid.

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10
Q

What is a stye?

A

An infection of the eyelash follicle

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11
Q

What are meibomian glands?
What is there purpose?

A

Exocrine glands on the eyelid that produce oily secretions

Maintains tears within the eye and prevent tears spilling out.
Prevents the film of tears from evaporating

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12
Q

What is a mebomian cysts?

A

Where the meibomian gland on the eyelid gets blocked by the oily secretions and forms a cyst.

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13
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland situated?

A

above the lateral end of the eye

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14
Q

How many ducts does the lacrimal gland have?

A

Many - into the teens

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15
Q

Where do tears from the lacrimal gland drain into?

A

The conjunctival sack (sack between the front of the eyelid and the eye)

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16
Q

What is the lacrimal punstum?

A

An opening to the lacrimal canaliculus ducts on the upper and lower eyelid facing into the tears

17
Q

Describe the course of excess tears from the conjunctival sack.

A

Tears enter the lacrimal canaliculus via the lacrimal punstrum.

From the canaliculus the tears enter the lacrimal sac

The lacrimal sac then enters a canal in the bone called the nasolacrimal duct

The nasolacrimal duct opens up into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity.

Tears drain from the nose

18
Q

What can happen in trauma to the medial end of the eye?

A

Damage to the lacrimal canaliculus which creates a fistula where tears can escape into the surrounding structures.

19
Q

What is the purpose of the blink reflex?

A

Ensures that there is a film of tears covering the front of the eye and that the cornea is always moist.

20
Q

List pathology of the eyelid.

A

Stye

Meibomian cyst

Cyst of moll

21
Q

What is a cyst of moll?

A

Where there is a blockage of the apocrine sweat gland of moll.

22
Q

How do you differentiate between a meibomian cyst and a cyst of moll?

A

Cyst of moll appears like a watery bag

Meibomain gland appears as if its deeper within the tissues and NOT watery looking

23
Q

What lymph nodes will be enlarged in infection i.e. stye of the eyelids?

A

The parotid lymph nodes