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MODULE 9 - Respiratory System > ANATOMY - Thoracic and Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

ANATOMY - Thoracic and Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?

A

Cranial: Thoracic inlet
Caudal: Diaphragm
Dorsal: Thoracic vertebrae
Ventral: Sternum
Lateral: Ribs

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2
Q

Which three structures make up the borders of the thoracic inlet?

A

T1, first ribs and manubrium

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3
Q

List the body wall components of the thorax

A

Skin
Cutaneous trunci muscle
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia & muscle
Rib cage & intercostal muscles
Pleura

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4
Q

How many ribs are present in the dog?

A

Thirteen

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5
Q

How many intercostal spaces are present in the dog?

A

Twelve

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6
Q

How many sternebra make up the sternum?

A

Eight sternebra

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7
Q

What is the name of the first sternebra?

A

Manubrium

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8
Q

What is the name of the last sternebra?

A

Xiphoid

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9
Q

Why is the distal end of each rib costal cartilage and not bone?

A

To allow for flexibility of the ribcage during respiration

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10
Q

What is the name of the junction between the bone and costal cartilage of each rib?

A

Costochondral junction

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11
Q

What does the costal cartilage of ribs 1-9 articulate with?

A

Intersternebral cartilage

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12
Q

What is formed by the costal cartilage of ribs 10-12?

A

Costal arch

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13
Q

How does the position of rib 13 differ from the other ribs?

A

Rib 13 ‘floats’

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14
Q

What are the two articulating surfaces of the rib?

A

Head
Tuberculum

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15
Q

What do the heads of ribs 1-10 articulate with?

A

The heads of ribs 1-10 bridge the intervertebral disc space to articulate with the cranial costal fovea of the corresponding vertebra and the caudal costa fovea of the immediately cranial vertebra

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16
Q

What do the heads of ribs 11-13 articulate with?

A

The heads of ribs 11-13 articulate with the cranial costal fovea of the corresponding vertebra

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17
Q

Which structure does the tuberculum articulate with?

A

Transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

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18
Q

Which two ligaments stabilise the head of the rib?

A

Intercapital ligament
Radiate ligament

19
Q

Which ligament stabilises the tuberculum of the rib?

A

Costo-transverse ligament

20
Q

What is the main muscle associated with respiration?

A

Diaphragm

21
Q

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal muscles allow the ribcage to move as a single unit during inspiration and expiration

22
Q

What is the difference between the points of insertion of the external and internal intercostal muscles?

A

External intercostal muscles insert at the level of the costochondral junction whereas the internal intercostal muscles insert at the sternum

23
Q

Which muscle acts is an accessory inspiratory muscle during periods of increased respiratory demand?

A

Serratus ventralis muscle

24
Q

From looking at an animal, how could you tell that the serratus ventralis is working as an accessory inspiratory muscle?

A

Elbows will be slightly abducted

25
Q

Which muscle acts as an accessory expiratory muscle during periods of increased respiratory demand?

A

External abdominal oblique muscle

26
Q

From looking at an animal, how could you tell that the external abdominal oblique muscle working as an accessory inspiratory muscle?

A

Increased abdominal movement

27
Q

Which artery, vein and nerve supply the intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal artery
Intercostal vein
Intercostal nerve

28
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A

Cranial: Diaphragm
Caudal: Pelvic inlet
Dorsal: Lumbar vertebrae
Ventral: Abdominal wall
Lateral: Abdominal wall

29
Q

List the body wall components of the abdomen

A

Skin
Cutaneous trunci muscle
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia & muscle
Peritoneum

30
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

Linea alba is a band of fibrous tissue running from the sternum to the pubis

31
Q

Which muscle lies on either side of the linea alba?

A

Rectus abdominus

32
Q

What are the origin and insertion points of the rectus abdominus muscle?

A

Origin: Sternum
Insertion: Pelvis

Cranial arch of pubis

33
Q

What are the three muscles which make up the lateral abdominal wall?

A

External abdominal oblique muscle
Internal abdominal oblique muscle
Transverse abdominus muscle

34
Q

In which direction do the fibres of the external abdominal oblique muscle run?

A

Caudoventral

35
Q

In which direction do the fibres of the internal abdominal oblique muscle run?

A

Cranioventral

36
Q

In which direction do the fibres of the transverse abdominus muscle run?

A

Dorsoventral

37
Q

What are the two components of the inguinal ring?

A

Superficial inguinal ring
Deep inguinal ring

38
Q

In which muscle is the superficial inguinal ring located?

A

External abdominal oblique muscle

39
Q

In which muscle is the deep inguinal ring located?

A

Internal abdominal oblique muscle

40
Q

What is the vaginal tunic?

A

Vaginal tunic is the outpouching of the peritoneum running through the inguinal canal

41
Q

Which artery and vein run through the vaginal tunic?

A

External pudendal artery
External pudendal vein

42
Q

Which nerve runs through the vaginal tunic?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

43
Q

Which two arteries supply the superficial abdominal wall?

A

Cranial superficial epigastric artery
Caudal superficial epigastric artery

44
Q

Which four arteries supply the deep abdominal wall?

A

Cranial abdominal artery
Cranial epigastric artery
Caudal epigastric artery
Deep circumflex artery

MODULE 9 - Respiratory System (15 decks)

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