ANATOMY - Thoracic and Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 1

Cranial: Thoracic inlet
Caudal: Diaphragm
Dorsal: Thoracic vertebrae
Ventral: Sternum
Lateral: Ribs

Question 2

Which three structures make up the borders of the thoracic inlet?

Answer 2

T1, first ribs and manubrium

Question 3

List the body wall components of the thorax

Answer 3

Skin
Cutaneous trunci muscle
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia & muscle
Rib cage & intercostal muscles
Pleura

Question 4

How many ribs are present in the dog?

Answer 4

Thirteen

Question 5

How many intercostal spaces are present in the dog?

Answer 5

Twelve

Question 6

How many sternebra make up the sternum?

Answer 6

Eight sternebra

Question 7

What is the name of the first sternebra?

Answer 7

Manubrium

Question 8

What is the name of the last sternebra?

Answer 8

Xiphoid

Question 9

Why is the distal end of each rib costal cartilage and not bone?

Answer 9

To allow for flexibility of the ribcage during respiration

Question 10

What is the name of the junction between the bone and costal cartilage of each rib?

Answer 10

Costochondral junction

Question 11

What does the costal cartilage of ribs 1-9 articulate with?

Answer 11

Intersternebral cartilage

Question 12

What is formed by the costal cartilage of ribs 10-12?

Answer 12

Costal arch

Question 13

How does the position of rib 13 differ from the other ribs?

Answer 13

Rib 13 ‘floats’

Question 14

What are the two articulating surfaces of the rib?

Answer 14

Head
Tuberculum

Question 15

What do the heads of ribs 1-10 articulate with?

Answer 15

The heads of ribs 1-10 bridge the intervertebral disc space to articulate with the cranial costal fovea of the corresponding vertebra and the caudal costa fovea of the immediately cranial vertebra

Question 16

What do the heads of ribs 11-13 articulate with?

Answer 16

The heads of ribs 11-13 articulate with the cranial costal fovea of the corresponding vertebra

Question 17

Which structure does the tuberculum articulate with?

Answer 17

Transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

Question 18

Which two ligaments stabilise the head of the rib?

Answer 18

Intercapital ligament
Radiate ligament

Question 19

Which ligament stabilises the tuberculum of the rib?

Answer 19

Costo-transverse ligament

Question 20

What is the main muscle associated with respiration?

Answer 20

Diaphragm

Question 21

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 21

Intercostal muscles allow the ribcage to move as a single unit during inspiration and expiration

Question 22

What is the difference between the points of insertion of the external and internal intercostal muscles?

Answer 22

External intercostal muscles insert at the level of the costochondral junction whereas the internal intercostal muscles insert at the sternum

Question 23

Which muscle acts is an accessory inspiratory muscle during periods of increased respiratory demand?

Answer 23

Serratus ventralis muscle

Question 24

From looking at an animal, how could you tell that the serratus ventralis is working as an accessory inspiratory muscle?

Answer 24

Elbows will be slightly abducted

Question 25

Which muscle acts as an accessory expiratory muscle during periods of increased respiratory demand?

Answer 25

External abdominal oblique muscle

Question 26

From looking at an animal, how could you tell that the external abdominal oblique muscle working as an accessory inspiratory muscle?

Answer 26

Increased abdominal movement

Question 27

Which artery, vein and nerve supply the intercostal muscles?

Answer 27

Intercostal artery Intercostal vein Intercostal nerve

Question 28

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 28

Cranial: Diaphragm Caudal: Pelvic inlet Dorsal: Lumbar vertebrae Ventral: Abdominal wall Lateral: Abdominal wall

Question 29

List the body wall components of the abdomen

Answer 29

Skin Cutaneous trunci muscle Superficial fascia Deep fascia & muscle Peritoneum

Question 30

What is the linea alba?

Answer 30

Linea alba is a band of fibrous tissue running from the sternum to the pubis

Question 31

Which muscle lies on either side of the linea alba?

Answer 31

Rectus abdominus

Question 32

What are the origin and insertion points of the rectus abdominus muscle?

Answer 32

Origin: Sternum Insertion: Pelvis | Cranial arch of pubis

Question 33

What are the three muscles which make up the lateral abdominal wall?

Answer 33

External abdominal oblique muscle Internal abdominal oblique muscle Transverse abdominus muscle

Question 34

In which direction do the fibres of the external abdominal oblique muscle run?

Answer 34

Caudoventral

Question 35

In which direction do the fibres of the internal abdominal oblique muscle run?

Answer 35

Cranioventral

Question 36

In which direction do the fibres of the transverse abdominus muscle run?

Answer 36

Dorsoventral

Question 37

What are the two components of the inguinal ring?

Answer 37

Superficial inguinal ring Deep inguinal ring

Question 38

In which muscle is the superficial inguinal ring located?

Answer 38

External abdominal oblique muscle

Question 39

In which muscle is the deep inguinal ring located?

Answer 39

Internal abdominal oblique muscle

Question 40

What is the vaginal tunic?

Answer 40

Vaginal tunic is the outpouching of the peritoneum running through the inguinal canal

Question 41

Which artery and vein run through the vaginal tunic?

Answer 41

External pudendal artery External pudendal vein

Question 42

Which nerve runs through the vaginal tunic?

Answer 42

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 43

Which two arteries supply the superficial abdominal wall?

Answer 43

Cranial superficial epigastric artery Caudal superficial epigastric artery

Question 44

Which four arteries supply the deep abdominal wall?

Answer 44

Cranial abdominal artery Cranial epigastric artery Caudal epigastric artery Deep circumflex artery