anatomy test - unit b Flashcards
alignment
maintaining correct alignment…..
- keeps bones and joints in the correct position so that muscles are being used efficiently
- helps decrease abnormal wearing of the joint surfaces
- decreases the stress on ligaments
- muscles are being used more efficiently which decreases the risk of muscular imbalance
- prevents strain or overuse problems
- prevents back ache and muscular pain
- contributes to goo appearance and the overall aesthetic as correct body shapes and lines are maintained
what is static alignment
static alignment is maintaining alignment when standing still
what is dynamic alignment
dynamic alignment is maintaining alignment during engaging movements
what is the plumb line
the plumb line is the center of gravity and is useful in determining the body’s state of alignment in relation to the base of support
where does the plumb line run through
the line runs through the ear lobe, the center of the shoulder and hip, behind the patella, in front of the ankle and down through the foot
what is the center of gravity
it is the point lying slightly below the naval, where most of the body’s weight is distributed. center of gravity depends on your shape and weight distribution
how should you distribute your weight over your feet
evenly between the points under the 1st and 5th metatarsals and under the heel bone or calcaneus
describe trunk or core stability
it requires strength, endurance and coordination of the abdominal, pelvic floor, lower back muscles and the gluteal muscles. This helps prevent lower back injury, protects the lumbar spine, stabilize the pelvis and improve hip mobility.
what is reciprocal relationship
where each segment of the body must be in correct relationship to it’s adjacent sections. This enables different body parts to ‘give and take’ or engage in slight shifts of body weight.
what is thoracic kyphosis
thoracic kyphosis is the abnormal hyperflexion of the thoracic spine. we see decreased extension in the mid-thoracic spine and is attributed to weak trapezius and tight pectorals. lower back absorbs most of the extension used and will be prone to overuse
what is lumbar lordosis
lumbar lordosis is an exaggerated hyperextension of the lumbar spine or sway back. It is associated with weak abdominal muscles and tight erector spinae muscles. problems include tight hamstrings and sway back knees
what is the difference between C-shaped and S-shaped scoliosis
C-shape is a cause of functional deviation
S-shape is often structural deviation
what is scoliosis
scoliosis is the rotolateral curvature of the spine. the curvature involves rotation of one vertebra upon the next and will cause serious postural deviation and an asymmetry of the rib cage, pelvis and limbs
what are the main causes of poor posture
- poor standing, sitting and walking posture
- physical defects
- lack of exercise
- fatigue or weakness
- choice of footwear
- ergonomics
the chin should…..
not protrude forward or be tucked in
