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AUDIOLOGY > Anatomy Review > Flashcards

Anatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

List the three parts of the ear in order

A

Outer, Middle, Inner ear

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2
Q

What are the four functions of the outer ear?

A
  1. Pinna & External auditory meatus houses there
  2. It collects & directs sound waves to the tympanic membrane
  3. Gives directional ques
  4. Has a resonance which provides an increase in sound pressure 2-7kHz
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3
Q

What part of the outer ear should you know?

A

Crus (Helix), Tragus, Lobule, Concha

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4
Q

What’s another name for the ear canal?

A

External auditory meatus

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5
Q

Where does the EAM start and end?

A

From the pinna to the tympanic membrane

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6
Q

What is the texture of the EAM?

A

The outer portion is cartilaginous, and the inner portion is bony

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7
Q

Where is ear wax formed?

A

In the EAM but towards the outer portion

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8
Q

What makes our ear wax move out of our ears?

A

There are cilia located in the outer portion

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9
Q

What makes up the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane and the ossicles

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10
Q

Name the ossicles in order

A

Malleus, Incus, & Stapes

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11
Q

What is the main function of the middle ear?

A

To overcome the impedance mismatch between the air-filled auditory canal and fluid filled cochlea

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12
Q

What is the size difference between the eardrum & stapes?

A

The eardrum is bigger than the stapes footplate, so more pressure is applied on the stapes

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13
Q

The tympanic membrane has how many layers of tissue?

A

Three

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14
Q

Where is the umbo located?

A

Tympanic membrane and it’s the head of the malleus

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15
Q

Where is the “cone of light located”?

A

In the Tympanic membrane

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16
Q

What is the “cone of light”?

A

It’s a light reflex that’s on the bottom left or bottom right

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17
Q

What does the reflection mean on a TM?

A

That it is healthy

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18
Q

What are the smallest bones in the human body?

A

The Ossicles: Malleus, Incus, & Stapes

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19
Q

What’s the purpose of the inner ear?

A

Houses hearing and balance

20
Q

What structure makes up the inner ear?

A

Cochlea, 8th Nerve, Semicircular Canals, & Oval Window

21
Q

What does the footplate of the stapes sit on?

A

The oval window

22
Q

The inner ear has a…

A

Fluid-filled cochlea

23
Q

What overcomes the impedance?

A

The ossicles

24
Q

What pertains to audition?

A

The organ of corti

25
Q

What makes up the organ of corti?

A
  1. 3 rows of inner hair cells
  2. 1 row of outer hair cells
  3. The tectorial membrane where shearing action occurs
26
Q

What causes the shearing action?

A

When vibration causes the stereocilia to bend and rub against the tectorial membrane

27
Q

What is responsible for the different tones we hear?

A

Our cochlea is tonotopically organized. As you travel along the cochlea, we go from H-L frequency

28
Q

What doesn’t the cochlea do?

A

Process signals

29
Q

What does the cochlea do?

A

Sends the signal to our brain

30
Q

List the Central Auditory Pathway stops in order

A
  1. Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
  2. Superior Olivary Nucleus
  3. Lateral Lemniscus
  4. Inferior Colliculus
  5. Medial Geniculate Body
  6. Primary Auditory Cortex
31
Q

What is the pathway of sound?

A

Outer ear - Middle Ear - Inner Ear - VIIIth Nerve to Brain

32
Q

What is air conduction?

A

It’s how sound is heard in real life environments

33
Q

Where does air conduction pass?

A

Pass through the outer, middle, & inner ear to the brain

34
Q

What does bone conduction stimulate

A

It directly stimulates the cochlea through vibration of temporal bone

35
Q

What does bone conduction bypass?

A

Outer & Middle ear

36
Q

What are the three types of HL?

A
  1. Conductive HL
  2. Sensorineural HL
  3. Mixed HL
37
Q

What is a conductive HL?

A

A barrier/impairment to sound present in the outer/middle ear

38
Q

How can conductive HL be assessed?

A

Through air conduction

39
Q

When is hearing normal for conductive HL?

A

When assessed through bone conductive (because bone conduction stimulates the cochlea & this where hearing is functionally normally)

40
Q

What is a sensorineural HL?

A

Impairment is present in cochlea/VIIIth nerve

41
Q

How can sensorineural be assessed?

A

Through air & bone conduction and the levels are the same

42
Q

What is a mixed hearing loss?

A

An impairment/barrier shown in both outer/middle ear & cochlea/nerve

43
Q

When is HL noted for a Mixed Hearing Loss?

A

When assessed by air & bone conduction

44
Q

In Mixed Hearing Loss, which is worse? Air or Bone?

A

Air is worse

45
Q

When Mixed Hearing Loss is being assessed by bone conduction, what happens?

A

Impairment in the outer/middle ear is ADDED to the impairment in cochlea/nerve

AUDIOLOGY (17 decks)

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