anatomy quiz #8 Flashcards
Fibrous joint
bones joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity is present.
Cartilaginous joint
bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity is present.
Synovial joint
freely movable joint exhibiting a joint cavity enclosed by a fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane.
Articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis of a bone at a joint.
articular capsule
The joint surfaces are enclosed by a sleeve, or layer, of fibrous connective tissue, which is lined with a smooth synovial membrane
joint cavity
The articular capsule encloses a cavity, called the joint cavity, which contains lubricating synovial fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
reinforcing ligaments
The fibrous layer of the capsule is usually reinforced with ligaments.
tendon sheath
elongated bursa that wraps a tendon subject to friction
dislocation
happens when a bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint cavity.
reduction
restoring broken bone ends (or a dislocated bone) to its original position.
plane joint
nonaxial synovial joint in which the two bones have flat articular surfaces; a plane joint allows only short gliding movements.
hinge joint
the cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another bone. Angular movement is al lowed in just one plane, like a door hinge
pivot joint
uniaxial synovial joint in which the rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone or ligaments.
condylar joint
biaxial synovial joint in which the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another.
saddle joint
biaxial synovial joint in which both articulating bones have both convex and concave surfaces.m.n,8
ball and socket joint
multiaxial synovial joint in which the rounded head of one bone fits into a socket (depression) on the other.
bursitis
due to inflammation of bursae or a synovial membrane.
sprain
results when the ligaments or tendons reinforcing a joint are damaged by excessive stretching or are torn away from the bone.
arthritis
inflammation of the joints.
bone spurs
-grows around the margins of the eroded cartilage and restricts joint movement.
osteoathritis
most common form of arthritis; caused by wear and tear at joints that leads to articular cartilage breakdown.
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic inflammatory form of arthritis caused by an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints bilaterally.
pannus
, an abnormal tissue that clings to and erodes articular cartilages
ankylosis
restricted bone movement
gouty athritis
gouty arthritis; caused by uric acid buildup in joints.
osteoporosis
an increased softening of the bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation; a common condition in older people.
fontanels
the fibrous membranes in the skull where bone has not yet formed; babies’ “soft spots.”
bursae
a small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points, especially joints.
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synovial fluid
a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages.
synathroses
or immovable joints
