anatomy quiz #8

Question 1

Fibrous joint

Answer 1

bones joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity is present.

Question 2

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 2

bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity is present.

Question 3

Synovial joint

Answer 3

freely movable joint exhibiting a joint cavity enclosed by a fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane.

Question 4

Articular cartilage

Answer 4

hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis of a bone at a joint.

Question 5

articular capsule

Answer 5

The joint surfaces are enclosed by a sleeve, or layer, of fibrous connective tissue, which is lined with a smooth synovial membrane

Question 6

joint cavity

Answer 6

The articular capsule encloses a cavity, called the joint cavity, which contains lubricating synovial fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

Question 7

reinforcing ligaments

Answer 7

The fibrous layer of the capsule is usually reinforced with ligaments.

Question 8

tendon sheath

Answer 8

elongated bursa that wraps a tendon subject to friction

Question 9

dislocation

Answer 9

happens when a bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint cavity.

Question 10

reduction

Answer 10

restoring broken bone ends (or a dislocated bone) to its original position.

Question 11

plane joint

Answer 11

nonaxial synovial joint in which the two bones have flat articular surfaces; a plane joint allows only short gliding movements.

Question 12

hinge joint

Answer 12

the cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another bone. Angular movement is al lowed in just one plane, like a door hinge

Question 13

pivot joint

Answer 13

uniaxial synovial joint in which the rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone or ligaments.

Question 14

condylar joint

Answer 14

biaxial synovial joint in which the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another.

Question 15

saddle joint

Answer 15

biaxial synovial joint in which both articulating bones have both convex and concave surfaces.m.n,8

Question 16

ball and socket joint

Answer 16

multiaxial synovial joint in which the rounded head of one bone fits into a socket (depression) on the other.

Question 17

bursitis

Answer 17

due to inflammation of bursae or a synovial membrane.

Question 18

sprain

Answer 18

results when the ligaments or tendons reinforcing a joint are damaged by excessive stretching or are torn away from the bone.

Question 19

arthritis

Answer 19

inflammation of the joints.

Question 20

bone spurs

Answer 20

-grows around the margins of the eroded cartilage and restricts joint movement.

Question 21

osteoathritis

Answer 21

most common form of arthritis; caused by wear and tear at joints that leads to articular cartilage breakdown.

Question 22

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 22

chronic inflammatory form of arthritis caused by an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints bilaterally.

Question 23

pannus

Answer 23

, an abnormal tissue that clings to and erodes articular cartilages

Question 24

ankylosis

Answer 24

restricted bone movement

Question 25

gouty athritis

Answer 25

gouty arthritis; caused by uric acid buildup in joints.

Question 26

osteoporosis

Answer 26

an increased softening of the bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation; a common condition in older people.

Question 27

fontanels

Answer 27

the fibrous membranes in the skull where bone has not yet formed; babies’ “soft spots.”

Question 28

bursae

Answer 28

a small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points, especially joints.

Question 29

**

synovial fluid

Answer 29

a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages.

Question 30

synathroses

Answer 30

or immovable joints