anatomy #3 Flashcards
nucleus
control center of the cell
chromatin
scattered throughout the nucleus, when a cell is diving to form two daughter cells the chromatin threads coil and condense to form dense rod-like bodies called chromosomes
plasma membrane
fragile transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment
hydrophilic
water loving
hydrophobic
fearing water
cytoplasm
the cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane site of most cellular activities
organelles
specialized cellular compartments that are metabolic machinery of the cell
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell and creates ATP
ribosomes
proteins that are made of rna that are actual sites for protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
system of fluid filled tunnels that coils through the cytoplasm and carries substances
golgi apparatus
appears as a stack of flattened membranous generally found close to the Er and it modifies and packages and ship proteins
lysosomes
membranous bags that contain powerful digestive enzymes they breakdown the worn out non-usable cell structures
peroxisomes
membrane sacs that contain powerful oxidase that detoxifies alcohol and formaldehyde
cytoskeleton
acts as a cells bones/ muscles by furnishing an internal framework that determines cell shape
cilia
whip-like cellular extentions that move substances that move substances along the cell surface
flagella
if the projections formed by the centrioles are substantially longer they are called flagella
microvilli
tiny finger like extenstions of the plasma mem. that project from and exposed cell
selective permeability
means that a barrier allows some substances to pass through it while excluding others
diffusion
process in which molecules move away from areas that are more concentrated than where others are less concentrated
sodium pottassium pump
alternately carries sodium ion out of pottassium ions into the cell
exocytosis
is the mechanism that cells use to actively secrete hormones mucus and other substances or to eject certain cellular wastes
endocytosis
process in which substances are brought into the cell
phagocytosis
cell eating process
fibroblasts
common cell represented in connective tissue
erythrocyte
blood cell that is made in the bone marrow ( red blood cell)
epithelial cell
cells that line your internal organs
fat cells
fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat
macrophage
type of white blood cell that helps eliminte foreign substances
nerve cell
receives messages and transmits to the brain and back to the body
oocyte
A cell in the ovary which may undergo mitotic cell division to form and ovum