anatomy quiz #10 Flashcards
central nervous system
the brain and the spinal cord.
peripheral nervous system
a system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system.
afferent nerves
carrying to or toward a center.
efferent nerves
carrying away or away from.
autonomic nervous system
the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands; also called involuntary nervous system
somatic nervous system
a division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system.
neuroglia
the nonneuronal tissue of the central nervous system that performs supportive and other functions; also called glial cells or glia.
astrocytes
type of CNS supporting cell; assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons.
microglia
type of CNS supporting cell; phagocytes that ingest debris such as bacteria or dead cells.
ependymal cells
type of CNS supporting cell; lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and circulates cerebrospinal fluid with their beating cilia.
oligodendrocytes
type of CNS supporting cell that has many cellular processes, each of which makes up a myelin sheath.
axon
neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell.
satelite cells
type of neuroglia in the PNS; protects and cushions peripheral nerve cell bodies.
Scapula
schwann cells
type of neuroglia in the PNS; many Schwann cells form the myelin sheath on a single neuron
dendrites
the branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell.
nodes of ranvier
gaps in myelin sheath
bipolar neurons
Neurons with two processes—one axon and one dendrite
unipolar neurons
structural class of neuron with one process extending from the cell body.
multipolar neurons
structural class of neuron with more than two processes extending from the cell body
neurotransmitters
chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them.
synapse
the region of communication between neurons, or a neuromuscular junction between a neuron and a muscle cell.
myelin sheath
a white, fatty lipid substance.
neurilemma
multiple sclerosis
autoimmune disorder of the CNS where the myelin sheaths are converted into hardened scleroses in the brain and spinal cord; results in loss of control.
ganglia
a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system.
gray matter
the gray area of the central nervous system; contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies
white matter
white substance of the central nervous system; the myelinated nerve fibers.
interneurons or association neurons
cutaneous sense organs
the skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers
