anatomy quiz #10

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

a system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system.

Question 3

afferent nerves

Answer 3

carrying to or toward a center.

Question 4

efferent nerves

Answer 4

carrying away or away from.

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands; also called involuntary nervous system

Question 6

somatic nervous system

Answer 6

a division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system.

Question 7

neuroglia

Answer 7

the nonneuronal tissue of the central nervous system that performs supportive and other functions; also called glial cells or glia.

Question 8

astrocytes

Answer 8

type of CNS supporting cell; assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons.

Question 9

microglia

Answer 9

type of CNS supporting cell; phagocytes that ingest debris such as bacteria or dead cells.

Question 10

ependymal cells

Answer 10

type of CNS supporting cell; lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and circulates cerebrospinal fluid with their beating cilia.

Question 11

oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

type of CNS supporting cell that has many cellular processes, each of which makes up a myelin sheath.

Question 12

axon

Answer 12

neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell.

Question 12

satelite cells

Answer 12

type of neuroglia in the PNS; protects and cushions peripheral nerve cell bodies.
Scapula

Question 13

schwann cells

Answer 13

type of neuroglia in the PNS; many Schwann cells form the myelin sheath on a single neuron

Question 14

dendrites

Answer 14

the branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell.

Question 15

nodes of ranvier

Answer 15

gaps in myelin sheath

Question 16

bipolar neurons

Answer 16

Neurons with two processes—one axon and one dendrite

Question 17

unipolar neurons

Answer 17

structural class of neuron with one process extending from the cell body.

Question 18

multipolar neurons

Answer 18

structural class of neuron with more than two processes extending from the cell body

Question 19

neurotransmitters

Answer 19

chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them.

Question 20

synapse

Answer 20

the region of communication between neurons, or a neuromuscular junction between a neuron and a muscle cell.

Question 21

myelin sheath

Answer 21

a white, fatty lipid substance.

Question 22

neurilemma

Question 23

multiple sclerosis

Answer 23

autoimmune disorder of the CNS where the myelin sheaths are converted into hardened scleroses in the brain and spinal cord; results in loss of control.

Question 24

ganglia

Answer 24

a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 25

gray matter

Answer 25

the gray area of the central nervous system; contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies

Question 26

white matter

Answer 26

white substance of the central nervous system; the myelinated nerve fibers.

Question 27

interneurons or association neurons

Question 28

cutaneous sense organs

Answer 28

the skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers