Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal System

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

The bones of the skull, sternum, vertebral column, and ribcage.

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

The bones of the upper and lower extremities and the associated girdles that connect the extremities to the vertebral column.

Question 3

Bones

Answer 3

Component of the skeletal system, tightly bound together to form a strong yet flexible, framework.

Question 4

Cartilage

Answer 4

Component of the skeletal system, tightly bound together to form strong, yet flexible, framework.

Question 5

Ligament

Answer 5

Component of the skeletal system, tightly bound together to form strong, yet flexible, framework.

Question 6

Compact Bone

Answer 6

The overall structure of bone consisting of an outer shell.

Question 7

Spongy or Cancellous Bone

Answer 7

Bone tissue that is loosely organized within the compact bone.

Question 8

Osteons

Answer 8

Cylindrical units that make up compact bone and contain a mineral matrix and living bone cells.

Question 9

Haversian Canal

Answer 9

Located within each osteon and houses the bone’s blood vessels, and nerve fibers.

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

Fibrous membrane surrounding compact bone and consists of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish the compact bone.

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

Found at each end of the long bone. It consists primarily of spongy bone with a layer of compact bone. Bone growth occurs here.

Question 12

Articular Cartilage

Answer 12

This covers the epiphysis. It decreases frictions at the joints.

Question 13

Diaphysis

Answer 13

This is the longest part of the long bone. it consists primarily of compact bone.

Question 14

Medullary Cavity

Answer 14

This is found inside the long bone. It is composed of red and yellow bone marrow.

Question 15

Ossification

Answer 15

The process of bone formation that occurs first during embryonic development. This process transforms soft, flexible cartilage to hard bone.

Question 16

Growth Plates

Answer 16

Found at the end of long bones, made of cartilage.

Question 17

Bone Reabsorption

Answer 17

Mature bone tissue is constantly being broken down through this process.

Question 18

Osteocytes

Answer 18

These are bone cells. They produce collagen and other substances that create the extracellular matrix of bone.

Question 19

Osteoblasts

Answer 19

These are called bone-forming cells. They are found on the surface of bone and can be stimulated to differentiate into other types of bone cells called osteocytes.

Question 20

Osteoclasts

Answer 20

These are called bone-resorbing cells. They are found on the surface of bone. They dissolve the bone.