Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

The bones of the skull, sternum, vertebral column, and ribcage.

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

The bones of the upper and lower extremities and the associated girdles that connect the extremities to the vertebral column.

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3
Q

Bones

A

Component of the skeletal system, tightly bound together to form a strong yet flexible, framework.

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4
Q

Cartilage

A

Component of the skeletal system, tightly bound together to form strong, yet flexible, framework.

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5
Q

Ligament

A

Component of the skeletal system, tightly bound together to form strong, yet flexible, framework.

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6
Q

Compact Bone

A

The overall structure of bone consisting of an outer shell.

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7
Q

Spongy or Cancellous Bone

A

Bone tissue that is loosely organized within the compact bone.

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8
Q

Osteons

A

Cylindrical units that make up compact bone and contain a mineral matrix and living bone cells.

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9
Q

Haversian Canal

A

Located within each osteon and houses the bone’s blood vessels, and nerve fibers.

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10
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane surrounding compact bone and consists of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish the compact bone.

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11
Q

Epiphysis

A

Found at each end of the long bone. It consists primarily of spongy bone with a layer of compact bone. Bone growth occurs here.

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12
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

This covers the epiphysis. It decreases frictions at the joints.

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13
Q

Diaphysis

A

This is the longest part of the long bone. it consists primarily of compact bone.

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14
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

This is found inside the long bone. It is composed of red and yellow bone marrow.

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15
Q

Ossification

A

The process of bone formation that occurs first during embryonic development. This process transforms soft, flexible cartilage to hard bone.

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16
Q

Growth Plates

A

Found at the end of long bones, made of cartilage.

17
Q

Bone Reabsorption

A

Mature bone tissue is constantly being broken down through this process.

18
Q

Osteocytes

A

These are bone cells. They produce collagen and other substances that create the extracellular matrix of bone.

19
Q

Osteoblasts

A

These are called bone-forming cells. They are found on the surface of bone and can be stimulated to differentiate into other types of bone cells called osteocytes.

20
Q

Osteoclasts

A

These are called bone-resorbing cells. They are found on the surface of bone. They dissolve the bone.