Anatomy & Physiology: Endocrine System

Question 1

Ligands

Answer 1

Molecules released from one location that move to another location to produce a response.

Question 2

Intracellular Chemical Signals

Answer 2

Signals produced in one part of a cell, such as the cell membrane, and travel to another part of the same cell and bind the receptors, either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus.

Question 3

Intercellular Chemical Signals

Answer 3

Signals released from one cell, are carried in the intercellular fluid, and bind to receptors that are found in other cells, but usually not in all cells of the body.

Question 4

Autocrine Chemical Signals

Answer 4

Signals released by cells and have a local effect on the same cell type.

Question 5

Paracrine Chemical Signals

Answer 5

Signals released by cells and have effects on other cell types.

Question 6

Neuromodulators and Neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Signals that are secreted by nerve cells and aid the nervous system.

Question 7

Pheromones

Answer 7

Signals secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals.

Question 8

Receptor Molecules

Answer 8

Chemical signals bind to these proteins to produce a response.

Question 9

Intracellular Receptors

Answer 9

These receptors are located in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus of the cell. Signals diffuse across the cell membrane and bind to the receptor sites on intracellular receptors.

Question 10

Membrane-Bound Receptors

Answer 10

These receptors extend across the cell membrane, with their receptor sites on the outer surface of the cell membrane. They respond to intercellular chemical signals that are large, water-soluble molecules that do not diffuse across the cell membrane.

Question 11

Cascade Effects

Answer 11

The pattern of response that occurs when intercellular chemical signals bind to membrane-bound receptors produce rapid responses.

Question 12

Endocrine

Answer 12

Intercellular chemical signals are produced within and secreted from endocrine glands, but the chemical signals have effects at locations that are away from, or separate from, the endocrine glands that secrete them.

Question 13

Hormones

Answer 13

Intercellular chemical signals. Produced in minute amounts by a collection of cells to influence the activity of those tissues in a specific way.

Question 14

Neurohormones

Answer 14

Hormones secreted from cells of the nervous system.

Question 15

Target Tissues

Answer 15

Only certain tissues respond to each type of hormone.