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BOC > Anatomy/Phys > Flashcards

Anatomy/Phys Flashcards

1
Q

List the normal pathway for systemic circulation?

A

Left ventricle-> aorta-> body-> systemic veins-> superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium

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2
Q

List the pathway for pulmonary circulation?

A

Right ventricle->pulmonary artery-> lungs-> pulmonary veins-> left atrium

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3
Q

Which pancreatic cells are the most plentiful?

A

cells producing glucagon

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4
Q

What is the refractory period

A

Time during which a neuron cannot generate another action potential. Sodium channels are closed and cannot be reopened

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5
Q

What is glycolysis

A

The breakdown of glucose into two molecules of 3-carbon molecule called pyruvate. A net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules

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6
Q

What is the Krebs Cycle

A

Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and loses carbon dioxid to form acetyl-CoA. When acetyl-CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle, chemical energy is release and captured in the form of NADH, FADH2, and ATP

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7
Q

What is the electron transport chain

A

It allows the release of the large amount of chemical energy stored in reduced NAD+ and reduced FAD. The energy released is captured in the form of ATP

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8
Q

What is the equation for blood pressure

A

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance

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9
Q

How would you measure blood oxygen saturation? (SpO2)?

A

Pulse oximeter (noninvasive)

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10
Q

What is a normal percentage of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin?

A

90% to 100%

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11
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

Skull, spinal column, ribs, and sternum

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12
Q

What is Osteon

A

Structural unit of compact bone

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13
Q

what is Fibrocartilage

A

Greater amount of collagen fibers

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14
Q

Where can fibrocartilage be found

A

Interpubic, discs, and menisci

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15
Q

What is Elastic Cartilage

A

Collagen and elastin fibers

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16
Q

Where can elastic cartilage be found

A

epiglottis and outer ear

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17
Q

Organic Matrix is composed of…..

A

primarily collagen fibers

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18
Q

Inorganic Matrix is composed of…..

A

primarily mineral salts and calcium

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19
Q

What is Cortical Bone?

A

Compact bone that has an ordered and dense arrangement

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20
Q

Where is cortical bone located?

A

primarily in the shafts of long bones

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21
Q

What Does The Appendicular Skeleton Consist Of?

A

Upper Extremities, Lower Extremities, And Pelvic Girdle

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22
Q

What Is Nonfeasance/Omission?

A

Where An Individual Fails To Perform A Legal Duty

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23
Q

What Is Malfeasance/Commission?

A

Where Commit An Act That Is Not Legally Able To Perform

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24
Q

Describe Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers

A

Type 1 Fibers

More Resistant To Fatigue

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25
Q

What Is A Epiphyseal Plate?

A

Growth Plates, Made Up Of Cartilage

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26
Q

Define Conduction

A

Heat Loss Or Heat Gain Through Physical Contact

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27
Q

Define Convection

A

Heat Loss Or Heat Gain Through Circulatory Medium

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28
Q

What Is Cartilage

A

Connective Tissue

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29
Q

What Is Cartilage Composed Of

A

Cartilage Cells And Matrix

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30
Q

What Are Chondroblasts

A

Cartilage Builders

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31
Q

What Are Chondrocytes

A

Mature Chondroblasts

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32
Q

What Is The Purpose Of Osteoblasts

A

Build Bone Tissue

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33
Q

What Is The Purpose Of Osteoclasts

A

Breakdown Or Resorb Bone Tissue

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34
Q

Osteocytes Are Found Where

A

Located Within Lacunae

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35
Q

Define Lacunae

A

Small Cavities Within A Bone

36
Q

What Is The Role Of The Skeletal System?

A

Supports Body Weight
Transfers Body Weight
Body Movement
Organ Protection

37
Q

Describe Adhesive Felt

A

Combining A Cushinoning Effect With The Ability To Be Help In A Specific Spot By The Adhesive Mass

38
Q

Describe Felt

A

Comfortable, Semi Resilent Forces
Gives Firmer Pressure More Than Spnge Rubbers
3. Absorbes Perspiration

39
Q

Synarthrocic Synovial Joints Are….

A

Immovable

40
Q

Amphiarthrotic Synovial Joints Are….

A

Movable

41
Q

Diarthrocic Synovial Joints Are….

A

Freely Movable

42
Q

What Happens During Osteochondrosis?

A

Degenerative Changes In Centers Of The Epiphyses

43
Q

What Happens During Osteoarthritis?

A

Cartilage Is Worn Away

44
Q

Define Osteoblasts

A

Build New Bone On Outside Of Bone

45
Q

Define Osteoclasts

A

Increase Medullary Cavity By Breaking Down Boney Tissue

46
Q

What Is Metaplasia?

A

Conversion Of One Kind Of Tissue To Another Form

47
Q

What Is Dysplasia?

A

The Abnormal Development Of Tissue

48
Q

Describe Ischemia.

A

Lack Of Blood Supply To Body Part

49
Q

What Is Raynauds Phenomenon?

A

A Condition When Cold Exposure Causes Vasospasm Of Digital Arteries

50
Q

Describe Open Kinetic Chain

A

When Foot Or Hand Is Not In Contact With Ground Or Other Surface

51
Q

Describe Closed Kinetic

A

Chain Foot Or Hand Is Weight Bearing

52
Q

Where Are The Intracapsular Ligaments Located?

A

Located Inside Of The Joint Capsule

53
Q

Where Are The Extracapsular Ligaments Located?

A

Located Outside The Joint Capsule, They Have A Poor Blood supply

54
Q

TFCC separates the ________ and inferior _____ joints of the wrist

A

Radiocarpal, radioulnar

55
Q

The core is also known as the _____-_____-hip complex

A

Lumbo-Pelvic

56
Q

__________ is the ability to determine the position of a joint in space

A

Proprioception

57
Q

The anconeus _______ the elbow

A

Extends

58
Q

Intervertebral disks are formed by a tough, dense outer layer, the ______, surrounding a flexible inner layer, the ______.

A

annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus

59
Q

The entire length of the spine is reinforced by the ______ ligaments.

A

anterior and posterior longitudinal

60
Q

T/F. The posterior branches of the L2, L3, and L4 nerve roots converge to form the sciatic nerve.

A

False, femoral nerve

61
Q

The erector spine is composed of thee pairs of muscles; from lateral to medial these are: the ______, the ______, and the ______.

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

62
Q

The posterior margin of the vertebral canal is formed by the ______ ______, a pair of elastic ligaments connecting the lamina of on vertebra to the lamina of the vertebrae above it.

A

ligamentum flavum

63
Q

Speech impairment caused by a brain lesion is termed: ______.

A

dysphasia

64
Q

Diseases that affect the spinal cord are termed: ______.

A

myelopathy

65
Q

An accumulation of air in the pleural cavity that disrupts the lung’s ability to expand and draw in oxygen is termed: ______.

A

pneumothorax

66
Q

A large sac filled with air or fluid having the potential to rupture is termed a: ______.

A

bleb

67
Q

Air hunger marked by labored or difficult breathing; may be normal occurrence after exertion or an abnormal occurrence indicating cardiac or respiratory distress is termed: ______.

A

dyspnea

68
Q

T/F. The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system and assists with homeostasis through the regulation of thirst, temperature, fluid valance, and blood pressure.

A

True

69
Q

The _____ is the primary component of striated skeletal muscle.

A

Muscle fiber

70
Q

The motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers make up what?

A

Motor unit

71
Q

Fast-twitch muscle fibers are primarily used for what?

A

Aerobic exercise

72
Q

What is the formula for target heart rate?

A

220-age

73
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

When the muscle is contracting without lengthening or shortening

74
Q

What part of the body is responsible for thermoregulation?

A

Hypothalamus

75
Q

The theory that the bones and muscles will adapt to changes placed on the body is known as what?

A

Wolff’s Law

76
Q

What organ becomes enlarged with mononucleosis?

A

Spleen

77
Q

What could hematuria indicate?

A

Kidney injury

78
Q

Where is smooth muscle generally found?

A

Organs

79
Q

Is the Kreb’s cycle used anaerobically or aerobically?

A

Aerobically

80
Q

What is forced vital capacity?

A

The total volume of air that can be exhaled

81
Q

. What is released from glycolysis?

A

ADP and PO4

82
Q

What is the krebs cycle?

A

a process that occurs in the mitochondria that converts ADP to energy rich ATP

83
Q

What are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

abductor pollicus longus/ extensor pollicus brevis, extensor pollicus longus, scaphoid

84
Q

What is located in the Lower Right Quadrant?

A

Appendix, ureter, Bladder, Colon, Gonads

85
Q

How do you calculate maximal HR?

A

220- AGE in YRS

86
Q

What is the functioning component of a muscle?

A

sarcomere

87
Q

What are three things bind to Actin to expose the myosin binding sites?

A

tropinin, tropomyosin, and calcium

BOC (12 decks)

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