anatomy of the lower limb

Question 1

what type of bone is the patella ?

Answer 1

sesamoid bone

Question 2

describe the movements of the hip

Answer 2

moving the hip forwards causing leg to move forwards and up is called flexion moving the hip backwards causing leg to move back and up is called extension

Question 3

describe the movements of the knee

Answer 3

bending the knee is called flexion straightening out of the knee is called extension

Question 4

describe the movements of the ankle

Answer 4

bending of the ankle is called dorsiflexion straightening of the is called plantar flexion

Question 5

describe the movements of the foot laterally and medially

Answer 5

bending the foot medially is called inversion bending of the foot laterally is called eversion

Question 6

describe the movement of the hip laterally and medially

Answer 6

moving the hip laterally is called abduction moving the hip medially is called adduction

Question 7

describe the movements of the toes laterally and relaxed (medially)

Answer 7

moving the toes laterally is called abduction moving the toes back to the relaxed position (medially) is called adduction

Question 8

describe the movements of the toes upwards and downwards

Answer 8

moving the toes upwards is called extension moving the toes downwards into the foot is called flexion

Question 9

identify the different structures

Answer 9

Question 10

label the compartments of the thigh

Answer 10

the one on the back of the thigh is the posterior compartment, the one on the more lateral side of the thigh is anterior one and the medial side is the medial compartment

Question 11

label the compartments of the calf

Answer 11

first pic is the anterior compartment, second is the posterior and third is the lateral

Question 12

what are the anterior muscles of the thigh ?

Answer 12

sartorius, quadriceps, and iliopsoas and pectineus

Question 13

what is the nervous supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 13

supplied by the femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

Question 14

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 14

the adductor longus, magnus and brevis

Question 15

what are the muscles of quadriceps

Answer 15

rectus femoris, vastus laeralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Question 16

whata the two muscles which make up the iliopsoas muscle

Answer 16

psoas major and iliacus

Question 17

what are the posterior muscles of the thigh?

Answer 17

the 3 hamstring muscles

Question 18

what are the 3 hamstring muscles called?

Answer 18

semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris long and short heads

Question 19

what is the nervous supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh ?

Answer 19

sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 20

what are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 20

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

Question 21

what is the anterior compartment of the leg supplied by ?

Answer 21

the deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)

Question 22

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? (2)

Answer 22

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

Question 23

what is the nervous supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 23

superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)

Question 24

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 24

Superficial muscle group = gastrocnemius: lateral and medial head, soleus and plantaris

deep muscle group = popliteus, flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

Question 25

what is the nervous supply of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 25

tibial nerve (branch of sciatic)

Question 26

what is the nervous supply of the anterior compartment of the leg ?

Answer 26

the deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)

Question 27

what movement does the lateral compartment of the leg control ?

Answer 27

eversion of the foot

Question 28

what movements does the anterior compartment of the leg control ?

Answer 28

dorsiflexion at ankle

extension of toes

inversion (at subtalar and midtarsal joints)

Question 29

what movements does the posterior compartment of the leg control ?

Answer 29

plantar flexion at ankle

flexion of toes

inversion

Question 30

what aspect of the foot is this pic showing ?

Answer 30

the dorsal aspect of the foot

Question 31

what aspect of the foot is this pic showing ?

Answer 31

the plantar aspect of the foot

Question 32

which 2 groups of muscles move the joints in the foot?

Answer 32

muscles in the 3 compartments of the leg and also intrinsic foot muscles whose muscle bellies and tendon insertions lie completely within the foot itself

Question 33

what are the muscles of the gluteal region ? (prob best to also search up a pic of this region as its quite complicated)

Answer 33

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasicae latae, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli superior and inferior, quadrate femoris

Question 34

what does the common fibular nerve divide into and what does the two different branches supply ?

Answer 34

divides into the deep and superficial fibular nerves - deep supplies the anterior compartment and the superficial supplies the lateral compartment

Question 35

label the main arteries in the pic

Answer 35

Question 36

what artery is the person palpating ?

Answer 36

the posterior tibial

Question 37

what artery is the person palpating?

Answer 37

the dorsalis pedis artery

Question 38

Identify the different structures and the arteries supplying blood to the hip

Answer 38

Question 39

what do valves in veins allow?

Answer 39

one way blood flow - prevents backflow