anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards
what type of bone is the patella ?
sesamoid bone
describe the movements of the hip
moving the hip forwards causing leg to move forwards and up is called flexion moving the hip backwards causing leg to move back and up is called extension
describe the movements of the knee
bending the knee is called flexion straightening out of the knee is called extension
describe the movements of the ankle
bending of the ankle is called dorsiflexion straightening of the is called plantar flexion
describe the movements of the foot laterally and medially
bending the foot medially is called inversion bending of the foot laterally is called eversion
describe the movement of the hip laterally and medially
moving the hip laterally is called abduction moving the hip medially is called adduction
describe the movements of the toes laterally and relaxed (medially)
moving the toes laterally is called abduction moving the toes back to the relaxed position (medially) is called adduction
describe the movements of the toes upwards and downwards
moving the toes upwards is called extension moving the toes downwards into the foot is called flexion
identify the different structures
label the compartments of the thigh
the one on the back of the thigh is the posterior compartment, the one on the more lateral side of the thigh is anterior one and the medial side is the medial compartment
label the compartments of the calf
first pic is the anterior compartment, second is the posterior and third is the lateral
what are the anterior muscles of the thigh ?
sartorius, quadriceps, and iliopsoas and pectineus
what is the nervous supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
supplied by the femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
the adductor longus, magnus and brevis
what are the muscles of quadriceps
rectus femoris, vastus laeralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
whata the two muscles which make up the iliopsoas muscle
psoas major and iliacus
what are the posterior muscles of the thigh?
the 3 hamstring muscles
what are the 3 hamstring muscles called?
semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris long and short heads
what is the nervous supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh ?
sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
what are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
what is the anterior compartment of the leg supplied by ?
the deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? (2)
fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
what is the nervous supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Superficial muscle group = gastrocnemius: lateral and medial head, soleus and plantaris
deep muscle group = popliteus, flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
what is the nervous supply of the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve (branch of sciatic)
what is the nervous supply of the anterior compartment of the leg ?
the deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
what movement does the lateral compartment of the leg control ?
eversion of the foot
what movements does the anterior compartment of the leg control ?
dorsiflexion at ankle
extension of toes
inversion (at subtalar and midtarsal joints)
what movements does the posterior compartment of the leg control ?
plantar flexion at ankle
flexion of toes
inversion
what aspect of the foot is this pic showing ?
the dorsal aspect of the foot
what aspect of the foot is this pic showing ?
the plantar aspect of the foot
which 2 groups of muscles move the joints in the foot?
muscles in the 3 compartments of the leg and also intrinsic foot muscles whose muscle bellies and tendon insertions lie completely within the foot itself
what are the muscles of the gluteal region ? (prob best to also search up a pic of this region as its quite complicated)
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasicae latae, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli superior and inferior, quadrate femoris
what does the common fibular nerve divide into and what does the two different branches supply ?
divides into the deep and superficial fibular nerves - deep supplies the anterior compartment and the superficial supplies the lateral compartment
label the main arteries in the pic
what artery is the person palpating ?
the posterior tibial
what artery is the person palpating?
the dorsalis pedis artery
Identify the different structures and the arteries supplying blood to the hip
what do valves in veins allow?
one way blood flow - prevents backflow
