Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > anatomy dissection 2 > Flashcards

anatomy dissection 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is the knee joint ?

A

it is a synovial hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 articulations of the knee joint ? and which bone does not take part in the knee joint ?

A

3 articulations in total; 2 between the femur and the tibia, 1 between the femur and the patella the fibula does not take part in the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the main movements of the knee joint ?

A

flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what muscles cause extension of the knee and what are they supplied by ?

A

quadriceps supplied by the femoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what muscles cause flexion of the knee and what are these muscles supplied by ?

A

mainly hamstrings & gastrocnemius

supplied by tibial and common fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when the knee is flexed what is achievable

A

a degree of medial & lateral rotation is achievable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which muscles control the lateral rotation of the knee and what are they supplied by ?

A

biceps femoris

supplied by the tibial and common fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which muscles control medial rotation of the knee and what are they supplied by ?

A

hamstrings & gracilis

supplied by the obturator nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what encloses the synovial cavity of the knee joint ?

A

a fibrous capsule which attaches round the margins of the articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what the ligaments of the knee which help to strengthen the fibrous capsule and stabilise the knee ?

A

are the iliotibial tract, the tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of the medial and lateral menisci ?

A

act as shock absorbers as well as assisting with stabilisation of the curved femoral condyles upon the relatively flatter tibial condyles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

give some examples of common abnormalities in knee alingments

A

Genu varum (“bandy legs” or “bow legs”) and genu valgam (“knock knees”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what may predispose to abnormalities such as Genu varum (“bandy legs” or “bow legs”) and genu valgam (“knock knees”)

A

associated with loss of the medial or lateral meniscus respectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where are the menisci thicker ?

A

where they are attached peripherally to the fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what makes the medial menisci more vulnerable to a tearing near injury ?

A

The medial meniscus is also attached peripherally to the tibial (medial) collateral ligament which makes it more vulnerable to tearing in a knee injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe what is meant by an unhappy triad knee injury?

A

Such an injury could occur after a blow to the lateral side of the knee that distracts and twists the medial aspect of the joint. If the injury is such that the ACL is also ruptured, it is referred to as an “unhappy triad” knee injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are both menisci anchored too ?

A

anchored anteriorly and posteriorly by attachment to the tibial intercondylar area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the cruciate ligaments named according too ?

A

according to their site of attachment to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. They both attach between tibia and femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

explain the route of the ACL

A

(ACL) passes superiorly, laterally and posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what specifically does the ACL do ?

A

(ACL) passes superiorly, laterally and posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what test asesses the integrity of the ACL?

A

anterior drawer test assesses the integrity of the ACL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the route of the PCL

A

(PCL) lies medial to the ACL and passes superiorly and anteriorly to attach to the medial femoral condyle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the PCL do ?

A

prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and helps prevent hyperflexion of the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what test asesses the PCL ?

A

integrity of this ligament is tested by the “posterior drawer” test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the suprapatellar bursa?

A

is an extension of the synovial cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does the presence of the suprapatellar bursa do?

A

reduces friction on the quadriceps tendon during knee movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what can abnormal fluid within the knee joint e.g. blood, inflammator exudate or pus cause?

what test can be used to detect this accumulation of abnormal fluid?

A

can fill the suprapatellar bursa causing a swelling visible in the lower third of the anterior thigh.

massage test

28
Q

how does the common fibular nerve enter the anterior compartment of the leg ? and what is it vulnerable too?

A

from the popliteal fossa superficial to the neck of the fibula

it is vulnerable to injury (e.g. compression injury from tight below knee POP - type of cast).

29
Q

where does the common fibular nerve divide and what into?

A

divides at the neck fo the fibula - into the superficial and deep fibular nerve

30
Q

what does the superficial fibular nerve supply ?

A

the muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg and the skin/fascia of the dorsum of the foot

31
Q

what does the deep fibular nerve supply ?

A

supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and the skin of the first interdigital cleft.

32
Q

what do all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg attach too ?

A

All muscles of the anterior leg attach proximally to tibia, fibula or interosseous membrane

33
Q

what do all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg attach distally too?

A

to the base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (Tibialis Anterior), distal phalanges of great toe (Extensor Hallucis Longus) and all digits (Extensor Digitorum Longus) and base of 5th metatarsal (Fibularis Tertius).

34
Q

what are the main actions of the foot ?

A

dorsiflexion of the ankle, great toe and digits and inversion and eversion

35
Q

what muscles cause inversion of the foot ?

A

Tibialis Anterior – in combination with tibialis posterior

36
Q

what muscles cause eversion of the foot ?

A

Fibularis Tertius with fibularis longus and brevis

37
Q

what separates the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?

A

the anterior intermuscular septum

38
Q

what muscles does the lateral compartment of the leg contain ?

A

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

39
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg ?

A

Tibialis Anterior

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Fibularis Tertius

40
Q

what is the route of muscles fo the posterior compartment of the leg ?

A

They both attach to the fibula proximally and pass to the plantar surface of the bases of the 1st & 5th metatarsal respectively

41
Q

what is special about the route of the fibularis longus muscle ?

A

it passes beneath the sole of the foot to reach the base of the 1st metatarsal

42
Q

what is the axilla and what is its medial wall?

A

the pyramidal space inferior to the shoulder and superior to the arm pit - superolateral aspect of the chest

43
Q

what is the axilla an important region for ?

A

An important “gateway” for structures entering or leaving the upper limb e.g. arteries, veins, nerves and lymphatics.

44
Q

describe the position of the pectoralis major muscle ?

A

Forms the anterior wall of the axilla, and its lower border is contained in the inferior edge of the anterior axillary fold

45
Q

what sort of movements does the pectoralis major help with and what is it an accessory muscle in ?

A

used in movements such as climbing and is an accessory muscle in inspiration

46
Q

what is the axillary vein a contuination of?

A

the brachial vein

47
Q

at what location does the brachial vein become the axillary vein ?

A

teres major muscle

48
Q

where can the subclavian artery be palpated ?

A

where it crosses the first rib

49
Q

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery ?

A

the lateral border of the first rib

50
Q

what is the function of the brachial plexus ?

A

supplies the upper limb

51
Q

what spinal nerves make up the brachial plexus ?

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 – T1

52
Q

what does the brachial plexus consist off from proximal to distal ?

A
  • Roots: The anterior rami of C5 – T1 spinal nerves, which mix their nerve fibres to form trunks.
  • Trunks: Combinations of roots, which give rise to divisions.
  • Divisions: Each trunk divides to give anterior and posterior divisions, which combine to give cords.
  • Cords: The cords are named according to their relationship to axillary artery - medial, lateral and posterior.
  • Named Nerves: The cords combine to give the named nerves of the brachial plexus

Hence roots to trunks to divisions to cords to named nerves

53
Q

what are the 3 trunks formed in the brachial plexus and what spinal nerves form them ?

A

superior supplied by C5&6

middle supplied by C7

and lateral supplied by C8

54
Q

what are the 3 cords formed from the divisions of the trunks ?

A

Medial

lateral

posterior

55
Q

what are the named nerves which the cords form?

A

The ulnar nerve

The musculocutaneous nerve

axillary nerve and radial nerve

median nerve

56
Q

where do the roots and trunks lie in the brachial plexus ?

A

Mainly between the anterior and middle scalene muscles in the root of the neck.

57
Q

where do the divisions in the brachial plexus mainly lie ?

A

immediately posterior to the subclavian vessels in the root of the neck (deep to the clavicle).

58
Q

where do the cords in the brachial plexus lie ?

A

around the axillary artery distal to the first rib

59
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Supplies the coracobrachialis muscle, also supplies the other muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.

60
Q

which compartment does the axillary and radial nerve enter and supply ?

A

posterior compartment of the arm

61
Q

how is the axillary nerve located inrelation to the radial nerve ?

A

superior

62
Q

What about the route of the axillary nerve makes it vulnerable to injury in shoulder dislocation or fractured neck of humerus?

A

It wraps around the posterior aspect of the surgical neck of the humerus.

63
Q

what about the route of the radial nerve makes it vulnerable to injury during a mid-shaft humeral injury?

A

Wraps around the posterior aspect of the mid-shaft of the humerus

64
Q

which is the most medial of the named nerves?

A

the ulnar nerve

65
Q

what area of the arm does it pass into ?

A

the medial aspect of the arm

66
Q

what does the median nerve form in terms of the “M-shaped” configuration of the named nerves within the axilla?

A

forms the middle of the ‘‘M-shaped’’ configuration

MSK (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions