Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Anatomy dissection 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy dissection 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are supplied by the axillary nerve ?(2)

A

Deltoid and teres minor (possibly also long head of triceps brachii)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the proximal and distal attachments of the deltoid muscle ?

A

Proximal - lateral third of the clavicle and the inferior aspects of the scapular spine and acromion.

Distal - Deltoid tubersoity of the humerus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?(4)

A

The supra and infraspinatus muscles

Teres minor muscle

Subscapularis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscle tendons ?

A

To strengthen the fibrous capsule of the shoulder joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle tendon strengthens the shoulder joint superiorly and which ones strengthen the joint posteriorly?

A

Superiorly - the supraspinatus tendon

Posteriorly - the infrapinatus tendon and the teres minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the subacrominal bursa lie in the shoulder joint ?

A

Inbetween the supraspinatus tendon and the acrominon process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Subacromial bursitis may cause shoulder pain what movement would it especially cause it on ?

A

Aduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What anterior rami of the spinal nerves supply the medial aspect of the posterior part of the arm ?

A

C8, T1 & T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of referred pain commonly occurs in the medial aspect of the posterior arm ?

A

Cardiac referred pain. Especially upper left limb, via the intercostobrachial nerve and medial and posterior cutaneous nerves of arm and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral aspect of the posterior arm?

A

C5 & C6 via the axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the only muscle of the posterior component of the arm?

A

Triceps brachii.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What nerve innervated the triceps ?

A

Supplied by the nerve of the posterior compartment of the arm – the radial nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the proximal attachements of the long head, lateral and medial head?

A

Long head - Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Lateral and medial heads - The radial groove of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the distal attachment of the triceps brachii muscles ?

A

All three heads combine to form the triceps tendon which attaches to the olecranon process of the ulna.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the triceps muscles?

A

Weak extension of the arm at the shoulder joint, and extension of the forearm at the elbow joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve supply ?

A

Supplies the Deltoid and Teres minor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the axillary nerve found ?

A

In the quadrangular space between teres minor superiorly, teres major inferiorly, the long head of triceps medially and the humerus laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The axillary nerve also innervates the lateral aspect of the skin of the arm, what is this commonly referred to as ?

A

The badge patch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In a patinet who has sustained an inferior dislocation of the shoulder what should be tested in terms of checking for anaesthesia ?

A

Assessment of sensation in the region of the badge patch to test axillary nerve function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Apart from testing sensation in the badge patch how else can the function of the axillary nerve be tested?

A

Abducting the upper limb 15 degrees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the route of the radial nerve in the upper limb

A

Axilla - Posterior compartment of the arm - Enters the lateral aspect of the cubital fossa - Posterior compartment of the forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where in the posterior aspect of the arm is the radial nerve found ?

A

In the radial groove of the humerus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Due to its position in the radial groove of the humerus what type of injury is it vulnerable to damage in ?

A

In a (spiral) mid-shaft fracture of the humerus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Read this tabel it applies to the following questions

A

Group

Action

Placement

Nerve Supply

A

Extension, abduction & adduction of the wrist (carpus)

Superficial layer.

These muscles attach proximally to the common extensor tendon on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

Radial Nerve

B

Extension of the fingers (digitorum)

C

Extension & abduction of the thumb (pollicis)

Deeper layer.

These muscles attach proximally to the shafts of the radius and ulna and the i_nterosseous membrane_.

D

Supination of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

With exception to group D where do all the muscle bellies pass and where do their tendons pass too?

Group

Action

Placement

Nerve Supply

A

Extension, abduction & adduction of the wrist (carpus)

Superficial layer.

These muscles attach proximally to the common extensor tendon on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

Radial Nerve

B

Extension of the fingers (digitorum)

C

Extension & abduction of the thumb (pollicis)

Deeper layer.

These muscles attach proximally to the shafts of the radius and ulna and the i_nterosseous membrane_.

D

Supination of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A

The muscle bellies are all in the posterior compartment of the forearm. Whilst their tendons pass to the wrist and fingers.

26
Q

As the tendons cross the wrist what are they held in place by?

A

Extensor retinaculum.

27
Q

The Brachioradialis muscle is classified as a posterior compartment muscle of the forearm because it is supplied by the radial nerve, where is it actually located ?

A

Located at the boundary between the anterior and posterior compartments of forearm.

28
Q

what is the main function of the brachioradialis muscle ?

A

Flexion of the semi-pronated forearm.

29
Q

Where does the radial nerve branch off into its superficial and deep branches ?

A

Just anterior to the lateral epicondyle.

30
Q

Describe the route of the deep radial nerve

A

The deep branch passes into the posterior compartment of the forearm by winding around the neck of the radius and passing through supinator muscle, which it supplies. After supinator the deep branch is renamed the posterior interosseous nerve, which supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm.

31
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum ?

A

The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament, or anterior annular ligament) is a fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones of the hands, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel.

32
Q

What does the antebrachial (deep) fascia of the anterior forearm form as it thickens distally ?

A

The palmar carpal ligament at the aspect of the wrist joint

then, distally and deeper, as the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament).

33
Q

What are the attachments of the flexor retinaculum ?

A

Laterally - scahpoid/trapezoid

Medially - Pisiform and hamate

34
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum prevent ?

A

Prevents ‘bowstringing’ of the tendons during flexion which would reduce muscle efficiency.

35
Q

What does the palmaris longus do in relation to the flexor retinaculum ?

A

It strengthens the flexor retinaculum

36
Q

What structures make up the carpal tunnel?

A

The carpal tunnel is a combination of the carpal bones (posteriorly) and the flexor retinaculum (anteriorly).

37
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

The long tendons of the forearm flexor muscles (FDS, FDP and FPL) and the median nerve enter the palm via the carpal tunnel.

38
Q

Define what carpal tunnel syndrome is ?

A

It is the result of compression of the median due to swelling in the tunnel.

39
Q

Why is it during carpal tunnel syndrome is it that sensation in the central palm is spared?

A

The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve is given off proximal to the tunnel and travels superficially to reach the skin of the palm. It is therefore spared.

40
Q

What forms the superficial palmar arch?

A

The superficial palmar branch of the ulnar artery and the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.

41
Q

Where does the superficial palmar arch form?

A

Immediately deep to the palmar aponeurosis

42
Q

What forms the deep palmar arch

A

deep branch of radial artery

43
Q

Describe the route of the deep palmar arch

A

runs across the anterior aspects of the bases of the metacarpals aided by anastomsing with the deep branch of the ulnar artery

44
Q

Describe what Dupuytren’s Contracture is

A

is a pathology affecting the palmar fascia. It causes thickening and shortening (contracture) leading to fixed flexion deformities of, in particular, the ring and little fingers.

45
Q

Describe the neurovascular supply to the fingers

A

Each finger has four neurovascular bundles supplying it:

  • Medial and lateral palmar
  • Medial lateral dorsal.
46
Q

Describe a common technique used to anaesthetise a finger

A

A ring block technique - This involves depositing local anaesthetic in a “ring” around the base of the finger to anaesthetise all four proper digital nerves. Suturing or minor surgery can then be performed painlessly distal to the block.

47
Q

What are the 3 main nerves which innervate the palmar aspect of the hand?

A

Ulnar nerve, median and radial nerve

48
Q

What part of the palm does the ulnar nerve supply?

A
  • Medial part of palm
  • Little finger
  • Medial half of the ring finger

Note - blue = ulnar, grey/greeny = median and ready/pink = radial

49
Q

What part of the palm does the median nerve supply?

A
  • Central/lateral palm
  • Medial half of the ring finger
  • Middle & Index finger
  • Thumb (excluding skin over the base)

Note - blue = ulnar, grey/greeny = median and ready/pink = radial

50
Q

What part of the palm of the hand does the radial nerve supply?

A

Skin over the base of the thumb

51
Q

What are the fibrous digital sheaths and what do they do ?

A

The fibrous digital sheaths are continuous with the longitudinal digital bands of the palmar aponeurosis.

The sheaths attach to both sides of the phalanges and form a secure tunnel through which the FDS, FDP and FPL tendons and their synovial sheaths travel distally.

The tendons attach to the middle (FDS) and distal (FDP & FPL) phalanges respectively

52
Q

What is tenderness in the floor of the anatomical snuff box following trauma suggestive of ?

A

A scaphoid fracture

53
Q

What are the 3 main nerves innervating the dorsal aspect of the hand?

A

The ulnar, median and radial nerves

54
Q

What area of the dorsal aspect of the hand does the ulnar nerve innervate ?

A
  • Medial part of dorsum of the hand
  • Little finger
  • Medial half of ring finger

Note - blue = ulnar, grey/greeny = median and ready/pink = radial

55
Q

What area of the dorsal aspect of the hand does the median nerve supply ?

A

Skin over distal phalanges/nail beds of thumb, index finger and middle finger

Note - blue = ulnar, grey/greeny = median and ready/pink = radial

56
Q

What area of the dorsal aspect of the hand does the radial nerve supply?

A
  • Skin over the anatomical snuffbox
  • Lateral part of dorsum of the hand
  • Proximal index and middle fingers

Note - blue = ulnar, grey/greeny = median and ready/pink = radial

57
Q

What are the lumbricals?

A

The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.

There are four lumbricals: one for each finger.

The lumbricals attach between the FDP tendon and the extensor expansion of the same digit.

They span the anterior aspect of the 2nd to 5th MCP joints and then the posterior aspect of the 2nd to 5th PIP joints.

58
Q

Describe the innervation of the lumbricals

A

medial 2 supplied by ulnar nerve

lateral 2 supplied by the median nerve

59
Q

What are interossei in the hand?

A

muscles in the hand that lie between the metacarpal bones and are attached to the index, ring, and little fingers

60
Q

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

They ADduct the digits (PAD) palmar adduct the digits

61
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei ?

A

The dorsal interossei ABduct the digits (DAB) dorsal interossei abduct the digits

62
Q

What are the interossei all supplied by?

A

the ulnar nerve

MSK (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions