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Head, Neck and Eyes > Anatomy of the Eye > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the optic nerve lie ?

A

Posterior aspect of the eyeball

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2
Q

Name the three layers of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous, vascular and sensory

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3
Q

The cornea and sclera lie within which layer?

A

Fibrous layer

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4
Q

The iris, ciliary body and the choroid lie within which layer?

A

The vascular layer

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5
Q

The retina is made up of how many layers?

A

10

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6
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A

To supply blood to the outer layers of the retina

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7
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

To allow light rays to enter the eye

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8
Q

Where does the iris hang from?

A

The ciliary body

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9
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

To suspend the lens and produce aqueous humour. It also contains muscles which can change the shape of the lens

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10
Q

What is the function of the iris?

A

To control the diameter of the pupil

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11
Q

What do concentric and radial muscles of the iris do?

A

Control the amount of light rays which can enter the eye

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12
Q

What is the lens suspended by?

A

Suspensory ligaments

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13
Q

What does the anterior segment of the eyeball contain?

A

Aqueous humour

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14
Q

What is the function of Aqueous humour?

A

To assist in the maintenance of intraocular pressure

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15
Q

What does the anterior segment of the eyeball split into?

A

The anterior chamber (in front of iris) and posterior chamber (behind iris)

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16
Q

Why is a corneal transplant easier than a typical organ transplant?

A

Cornea is avascular so there is lesser chance of graft rejection

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17
Q

What is the function of the epithelium of the retina?

A

To maintain the health of rods and cones

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18
Q

Where is the site of most visual activity?

A

The fovea centralis

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19
Q

What kind of epithelium forms the outer layer of the cornea?

A

Stratified, non-keratinised squamous epithelium

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20
Q

If the epithelium of the cornea is scratched, what would be the best treatment?

A

Topical treatment applied to eye

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21
Q

What is the result of an injury which penetrates the Bowman’s membrane?

A

A corneal scar

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22
Q

What occurs if the endothelium layer is damaged?

A

Endothelial cells enlarge to compensate until they are lost. The AH pump will then not work as efficiently as it should as AH will enter the cornea and it becomes opaque = light has trouble getting through.

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23
Q

Describe the passage of Aqueous Humour from the Angle of the Anterior Chamber to the Episcleral Veins

A

Ant. Angle of chamber –> trabecular mesh-work –> schlemm’s canal –> episcleral veins

24
Q

What is lens opacification also known as?

A

Cataracts

25
Q

What are the functions of the tear film?

A

Keeps cornea moist, washes away foreign bodies, has antimicrobial properties in the form of lysozymes to kill microbes, smooths over outer surface of the cornea to provide a smooth surface for refraction

26
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the tear film?

A

The facial nerve (CNVII)

27
Q

What nerve innervates the ciliary muscles?

A

The occularmotor nerve (CNIII)

28
Q

Why is the medial recti thicker than the lateral recti in humans?

A

As humans often look at things up close

29
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Control pupil diameter and helps alter lens curvature to enable us to see near objects

30
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles?

A

To move the eye

31
Q

Name the four rectus muscles in the eye?

A

Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus and superior rectus

32
Q

Name the two oblique muscles of the eye?

A

Superior Oblique and Inferior Oblique

33
Q

What is the superior oblique innervated by?

A

CNIV

34
Q

What is the Lateral Rectus innervated by?

A

CNVI

35
Q

What axis are the muscles of the eye attached to?

A

The orbital axis

36
Q

When LR has abducted the eye, SR causes…?

A

Elevation

37
Q

When LR has abducted the eye, which muscle causes depression?

A

IR

38
Q

When the MR has adducted the eye, what muscle causes intorsion?

A

SR

39
Q

When MR has adducted the eye, IR causes…?

A

Extorsion

40
Q

What lies within the opic foramen?

A

The optic nerve and he opthalmic artery

41
Q

What nerve lies within the inferior orbital fissure?

A

The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

42
Q

What muscle is responsible for accomodation?

A

The ciliaris

43
Q

What bones make up the orbit ?

A

Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Frontal Palatine and the Lacrimal bone

44
Q

What passes through the optic foramen?

A

Optic Nerve, Opthalmic Artery

45
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII, IV Nerve, Abducent Nerve, Opthalmic Division of V nerve, Opthalmic Veins and Lacrimal Nerve

46
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary division of V nerve

47
Q

What divides the eyeball into the anterior and posterior segment?

A

The crystalline lens

48
Q

What is the action of the MR?

A

Adduction

49
Q

What is the function of the LR?

A

Abduction

50
Q

What is the function of the SR?

A

Elevation, Adduction and Intorsion

51
Q

What is the function of the IR ?

A

Depression, Adduction and Extorsion

52
Q

What is the function of the SO?

A

Depression, Abduction and Intorsion

53
Q

What is the function of the IO?

A

Extorsion, Elevation and Abduction

54
Q

Which is the only muscle which does not arise from the posterior aspect of the eye?

A

IO

55
Q

Which ligaments prevent over adduction/abduction?

A

The medial and lateral ligaments

Head, Neck and Eyes (14 decks)

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