Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body > Anatomy Lecture #2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture #2 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS Vs. PNS

A

CNS - Spinal cord + brain

PNS - Cranial Nerves + Spinal nerve + Ganglia + Nerves in the body
- Includes the extensions of nerves (axons + dendrites)

EXCEPTION - CNS includes 2 cranal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ganglia

A

Outposts of nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are cell bodies of nerves

A

IN CNS - Cerebelum + cerebrum

IN PNS - IN ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cranial nerves in CNS

A
  1. Optic nerve + retina
  2. Olfactory nerves (outcropping of CNS)
    • Olfactory bulbs = right above nasal cavity

***Optic + Olfactory = listed as cranial nerves BUT are considered part fo CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Brain color in OR vs. Lab

A

Lab - blanched color + monotone

OR - Red/Pink + Has many blood vessels –> BECAUSE the brain is well profused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Movement in brain

A

There is movement in the brain (brain almost beats”) - because there is spinal fluid –> when the heart beats it chnages the pressure including in the body = brain “beats”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is supported by the brain

A

Everything is supported by the brain - Circulatory + respitpry etc.

MEANS you need to keep the brain healthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recent definition of detah

A

Recentley doctors use the neurodefintion of death (Ie. braindeath)

Before - death had to do with end of breath and heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Issues with neurologic death

A

Survey paper shows that nuerologic death is subjective
- It becomes even more subjective as we inrease our ability to resesitate and maintain –> creates controvery over what is actually deceased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Weight of brain

A

3 lbs –> 2% of bdy weight
- Considered a small component of the body (only 2%) desipite its importance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Profusion of brain

A

Consumes 20% of blood circulation = well profused

Verterbrial artery + coroted artery = responsible for profusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Grey Matter vs. White matter

A

Grey matter - Cell bodies (outter layer of teh cerebelum)

White matter = Connections (axons + dendrites)
- Contains the ‘highways’ that nuerons used to function (Called “Nueronal tracks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brain in newborn

A

Brain in new born = proportionally larger than the rest of the body
- It is more developed compared to other organs
- Not completley mylinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Variability in brain (Rini story)

A

Brain is varaiable - story:

Rini was at the University of cincinatti –> spent 3 years doing nuersurgical llustrations –> his collegues would call about the braub ri ask what is normal and what is individualed –> Rini said hat it is like a finger print (similar but not the same)
- Rini explained - there are some things that will be the same (they will all have the same features) BUT the features will look different for each person

Ex. all people have lateral fissure BUT it will look different in different people (same feature but with varaition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lateral fissure (Sylvian fissure)

A

Seperates the temperal and frontal lobes
- Corresponds to the spehnoid wing –> definition between frontal and medial fossa
- Seen in every brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Romandy fissure

A

Sperates the cheif motor and sensory regions of the brain - Conatins neurofunctional centers on either side
- Seen in every brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brain sturucture

A

Seperated into two parts
1. Cerebrum - contains the 2 hemispheres
2. Cerebelum (little brain)
- Smaller area at the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cerebelum

A

Function - Complex organzation of movement (Coordinates movment)
- NOT the basis of movement (not intiating movment)

Example - Not making fingers move but it allows you to play piano

Neoplasm in cereblum = patients are not paralyzed BUT the gait is disterbed + have unconrtoled moevments + lack of coordinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cross section of brain (ADD IMAGE)

A

See grey matter (Outter superficial layer)

See white matter - see tracks (Made of axons + dendrites)
- Tracks - Goes to the midrain + brainstem and are sent to the body or go from body to the midbrain and brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gyrai

A

Highpoints in the ridges (mounds of tissue turning on self)

WHY have them - result of the body packing as much surface area and function in the brain as possible
- making soace for the cell body in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sulci

A

Valleys

IF you put a probe into sulci you would hitt the bottom of the valley (hit brain matter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fissure

A

Major division between tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fissure vs. Sulci

A

Sulci - if put probe in and go down valley you hit brain matter

Fissure - If put probe in and go through you would not touch the brain tissue

Example - lateral sulcas/lateral fissure
- Will be called a sulcas or a fissure depending on where you put the probe (IF put the pribe more posterior then you wil hit brain then it is the lateral sulcas ; if put more anterior then you could go through without hitting braun and it would be the lateral fissure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sulci + vessles

A

Sulci = major places for vessels to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Blood vessles in the brain

A

There are no MAJOR blood vessles goring through the brain BUT around covering you have small vessles groing through and into the brain
- Many small vessles NOT one big vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Areas of the brain

A

Frontal - Word productions + problem solving + behavior control/emotion (Behvaior = lower part of frontal)

Cenral Fissure –> Between frontal + parietal

Occipital – Vision

temperal –> Memory + word understanding + Emotion

Sylvian fissure (Latra Sulcus) –> divides the frontal and temperal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Motor strip

A

Function - Fine motor movement + Muscular/skelotal movement

Location - On the tempeoral lobe (anterior to cental sulcus)
- part of precentral gyrus (in front of the central sulcus) (As oppsoed to the post central hyrus is somatosensory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Somatosensory strip

A

Function - feeling (Ex. feeling on fingertipes)

Location - In temperal (post central gyrus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Image of somatorsensory and motor strips

A

Mapped pre and post central gyrus - see where on gyri get impsulues in or out + map amount of control areas have
- Motor strip = shows smaller icons - doesn’t have the same strength as somatosensory

Size = shows strength of control (biggers - more nerves conrtols)
- Ex. Large face for motor because have lots of fine movement in the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Humunculous

A

3D version - shows how much control the motor or Somatosensory strip has

Takes the compoenetts of sometosensory and the motro strup and correlates them with function
- Shows sensitivity of strip + component of strip

Example - large hands –> Shows the snesitivity of the strip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pre vs. Post sensory

A

Somotosensory = presnsory

Motorsnesory = postsensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Midsagital section of the brain

A

Going down the sagital fissure

Towards the left = frontal lobe
Towards the right = Parietal lobe

THINGS to notice:
1. Pituitary gland
2. Pons
3. Ventriculus qurtas - ventra filled with spinal fluid
4. Medula oblongata
5. Midbrain
6. Brain stem (Midbrain + Medula + Pons)
7. Foraman magnum - where the brainstem exits from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Sagital fissure

A

Seperates the two hemispheres of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pons

A

Function -
1. Controls trigeminal nerve (nerve 5) –> important in face
- transmits sensory info to to the skin, sinues, and mucosual memranes
2. Abducens neve - controls lateral eye movmnt
3. Facial nerve

Connection between right and left cerebelum
NOT bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Corpus colosum

A

NOT bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Midbrain

A

Top of brainstem

Gives rise to 2 nerves:
1. Ocular motor nerves
2. Trocleir nerves (controls muscles in the eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Brainstem

A

Consists of:
1. Pons
2. Medula oblongata
3. Midbrain

Everything in the brai stem goes to the spinal cord (eveyrthing going to spinal cord passes through the brainstem (through the midbrain and through the medula oblongata)
- Everything we sense and move passes though the brainstem

Neoplasm in brain stem = BIG issue (surgeons try to remove tumor without dusrupting tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Tracks in Brainstem

A

In brainstem (including midbrain) - have tracks –>nerve tissue gathers in tracks (tracks go through medual and midbrains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Medula oblongata

A

Function -
1. Controls vestibular cochlear nerve (controls balance and hearing)
2. Controls glycoferingal nerve (movement if tongue)
3. Vegus nerve (vegebond)
4. Accesory never - movement muscles in neck and upper back
5. Hypoglosal never (nevres of tongue)
- Harder to see (more fiber like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Vegus nerve

A

Goes from CNS to heart and diaphram (works with digestive + respitory + circulatory)

Nerve = very high = if you have disrpution in the spine = nevre is so high that it won’t be disturbed = protects us to make sure our heart still beats even if we have an injury to the spine

41
Q

Diencephalon

A

Location - Upper portion above brainstem
- Space between brainstem and brain

Function - conduit between the brainstem, body, brain

Includes: Thalumus + Pinial Gland + Hypothalumus

Contains:
1. Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
2. Penial gland
3. Aquduct
4. 3rd ventricle
5. Coorate
6. Vessels - make up most anterior profusion

42
Q

Andre the giant

A

Had gigantism (neoplasm in the pituitary)

IF he had a medical procedure = anestsialogist couldn’t know how much anestsia to give –> They used his consumption of alchol as a gauge
- People say he had 156 beers i one sitting
- Possible his body metabolized alchol differentley

During filming of. amoviehe passout fromd rining and they couldn’t move him because he was too big

Died young from heart failure (common in people with gigantism)

43
Q

Corpus colosum

A

Bridges the right and left brain (allows right and left to communicate)

Contains tracks of white matter

44
Q

Hemispheres of brain

A

Left - verbal tasks (Speech + writting)
Right - Spatial + movment

Brain works because have connection between them (connections - corpus colosum)

45
Q

Cutting Corpus Colosum

A

Often need sto be cut in surgery to seperate conjoined twins (if you need to seperate brain) + Might need to be cut to treat epilepst
- Epilepsy - last treatment is to cut to corpus colosum and remove entire hemisphere

46
Q

Ben Carson

A

Doctor who treated severe epilespy - removed half of brain (often in young kids with life thretaning seizures)

Kids regian fuction BUT some things the kids is not able to perceive/verbalize/interpret OR might have more issues in somatic

47
Q

What happens when cut corcpus colosum

A

In people where it is not cut - people can accomidate (say what something is and apply it)

When cut corpus colosum = can see what people see with which eye (can divide the feild of vision and see what people see with which eye)

When divide feild of vision
1. Left eye goe sto right size of brain = can pick up a picture and match the picture with something (can put things tgether) BUT they can’t describe the picture or say the name for it
2. Right eye –> Goes to left brain = you can say what the picture is BUT you can’t associate it with other things (don’t know how it is used)

LEADS TO RIGHT VS. LEFT BRAINED THEORY

48
Q

Right vs. left eye

A

Right eye = goes to left side of brain
Left eye = goes to right side of brain

49
Q

Book about right vs. left brained

A

Author took people who couldn’t draw

Theory = people who can’t draw were left brained artists (processing desrptive from left side)
- Lft brain artists = see a picture of an ete and draw what they thing of an an (draw symbol of an eye)
- Rght brain = see an eye and see the folds + eyelid placement + fat pad + iris (more observant of details) –> look at the perspective of things NOT just drawing a symbol of thing

Book = took people who coudn’t draw ad had they draw things flipped = chnaged their perspective = breaks the smbolism = became more of a right brained observation

50
Q

Skull - ADD image when uploaded

A

Function - protection of brain

Components:
1. Frontal - one single bone
2. Pareital - two paired bones
3. Temperal bones - two paired bones
4. Occipital - one bone

51
Q

Back of neck muscles

A

Connect to nuchal line
- External occipital pertubance (bony bump on the back of the skull where the neck meets the head)

52
Q

Skull base

A

Frontal fossa –> where the frontal sits

Soehnoid ridge - goes to claunoid process
- Tip of sphenoid ridge = temperal tip - sits in the sylvian fisure (important for dissections)

Crista galli (roosters bone) - bone between the hemispheres (divides the cryptoform plates)
- Olfactor bulbs sit in crystaform plates - fibers go to nasal cavity

Teproal tips –> temperal lobe goes right behind the eye

Middle fossa –> temporal lobe

Posterior fossa –> occipital is above and below is the cerebellum and foramen magnum with medulla oblongata above it

53
Q

Falx cerebru (Fulcus serebri)

A

Interior boarders around corpus colosum

Tough tissue between right and left hempisphere of cerebrum

Top line in pink (see in image where arrow is) - vasuclatire along midsagital plane

54
Q

Bone thickness in skull

A

Skull - have areas where the bone is thicker or the bone is thinner
- Often have thinner bone if the area is well protected by muscle (Example - temperal muscle protects bone of temporal area = thinner)
- Occipital + frontal = thicker bone
- Extensor side is thicker bone - protects the corpus colusum

55
Q

Types of sinus

A
  1. Bone sinus
  2. Venous sinus
56
Q

Soft tissue in brain

A

Soft tissue - forms puches

Have depressors at the bottm –> get movment of sinus

Example - venous sinus (vasculour sinus) –> sigmoid + ransverse sinus
- Have blood that is supplied to the brain –> blood then goes to foraman –> go to jugular –> goes to subclavian –> goes to superior vena cava

57
Q

Openings in skull

A

Function - brings something in or send something out of skull base

Example:
1. Optic fissure - Let ocular motor nerve go to orbit
2. Left correnary came up to feed brain
3. Optic Foraman - Optic never goes to orbit
4. 4. Foramen Ovule - where corrated comes through neck

58
Q

Foramaon

A

Allows oemthing to go to body or allows something to come into brain

59
Q

Things in Skull base picture

A
  1. Frontal Fossa
  2. Temperal Fossa
  3. Sultusa - Where pititary sits
  4. Petris ridge - Cochlear nerve goes to ear then goes to ridge then to the internal auditory meatus
    • Cochlea sits in petris ridge
  5. External and internal Auditory meatus

In image - left blue dent = left cerebelum ; right blue dent = right cerebelum ; top of blue circle = medula above the foraman

60
Q

Covering of the brain

A

All together - Considers the Meningies

Includes:
1. Dura
2. Arachnois
3. Piamoter

61
Q

Dura

A

Most extreior covering of the brain

Location - inside the skull

As get older = becomes adherabt to the inside of the bone (more motile when young)

Splits and creates a vascular sinus (Ex. creates the superior sagital signus - spent blood from brain is collected to go to heart)

62
Q

Sagital sinus

A

Created by the Dura

Functions as a vein

Things are able to flow into it but its made by Dura NOT by vascular wall

Blood goes from sagital sinus –> transvers sinus –> sigmoid sunius -> jugular veins

63
Q

Arachnoids

A

2nd layer around brain

Has a spider web appearance (Contains fine filaments)

Jumps Sulci (covers the sulci)

Thinner than Dura

Subarachnoid space = part of arachnoid

Vasculature = passes in arachnoid layer

64
Q

Piamotor

A

Very thin

Can’t dissect from brain

Goes to sulci

65
Q

Superior Sagital Sinus

A

Blood goes into it (created by the Dura)

66
Q

Fulcus created by the dura

A

Dura = goes between hemispheres = creates the fulcus cerebri

67
Q

Epideral Hematoma

A

Invloves memngial arteries (arteures supply the menigies ; travel in the memngies ; supply the memngies NOT te brain) and somethimes veins
- Often in the temperal region
- Occurs if have trauma to head –> trauma disrupts vessels = blood goes to outside of dura (Because disrputing the vessles that go to the dura)

Issue = outide of the dura (bleed between brain and dura)

Solution - drill burr holes = release pressure

Ex. Brandom murry (got hit but got treated in time); Atkins (slid on ice and died); Natasha neilson (Skiing) ; garry colman (Died)

68
Q

Onset of epideral hematoma

A

Typicall have a lucid period followed by inconciousness
- Have a latencey period - people feel fine right after BUT they keep bleeding into the space = pressure builds
- Often too late to treat once person feels ill

Scanes - Have a Biconvex lens appearnce
- Can see hematoma in radiography
- Football shape (apex at end)
- Pulls the Dura away from the skull –> blood spills into the space
- In image = can see the dura attaches to bone –> bood pushes dura in + add pressure on brain

69
Q

Secondary issue with Epideral hematoma

A

Can herneate the brain stem –> medula can be push towards the foraman magmum

70
Q

Vasculature in Epideral hematoma

A

vasculature = feed outside of brain (feed the meninges)
- Epideral = bleed outside of the dura –> puts pressure on brain

In skulls = you can see depressitions wgere you have vessels between the skull and the dura
- Middle mengies = most common to cause epideral hematoma

71
Q

Subderal hematoma

A

Involves bridging veins

Issue = under dura

72
Q

Bridging veins

A

veins that drain brain and put things in sagital sinus
- Go from achachnoid space through dura to the sagital sinus

Part of arties and veins in arachnoid space

73
Q

Onset of Subderal Hematoma

A

Typically has gradual onset of headache and confusions
- can go fro some time (depending on how many veins were disrupted)
- Often don’t lose conciouness
- Might have sleepinness

74
Q

What increases chnace of subderal hematoma

A

Often occurs in elderly following trauma (because elderly brains shrink and are dehydtrated)

IF brain is smaller + less fluid around the brain = have more traction in the brain –> if have injury the veins can rupture –> can bleed under dura = get subderal hemaoma

if have injury to head when brain is more able to move –> brain moves fowards and hit skull –> movement f brain = bursts bridging veins

Example - head banging = disrupts bridging veins = get subderal

75
Q

Subderal hematoma on Scans

A

Crecent shaped appearance

Dura = still packed against bone BUT the brain is being pushed in

76
Q

Subachnoid hematoma

A

Usually from a rupture intercranial anuerysm
- Burst vessles that supply the brain (Vessels that supply the brain travel in the sub aarchnoid space)

Often associated with a Thinderclap headache

Rapid onset from seconds to minutes

Issue = vessles inside subachnoid space ruptures under archnoids)

Could be due to trauma or pericing injury (ex. gun shut)

Example - Rini Studnet had anuerysm rupture

77
Q

Subachnoid hematoma on scane

A

Blood diffusion within subachnoid space

78
Q

Annurysm

A

Little bleb - tender weakend portion of vessels can form little bleb –> can rupture (like garden hose example)

Example - optic chiams = common anurism

Treatment - anurism clips IF no collaretral circulation (Circular of willis) - go through catheter (in groin)–> catherter goes to artyer in artery –> goes to anurysm –> tiny platnium coils are placed into the anurysm to filll it and seal it off from the main artery

79
Q

What protects the brain

A

Skull + Mengies + Fluid

80
Q

Spinal fluid

A

Function - protects the brain (cushions the brain)
- Surrounds the brain
- Decreased friction = brain ca move in skull

81
Q

Lateral ventricle

A

Space in brain - filled with CSF

82
Q

When is fluid made

A

Fluid is always produced - Corre plexus (look like small string of grapes) in vessles produce CSF
- Coroid plexus = fund in 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle , and Latera ventricle
- Found in subcranial space

CSF flows through subderal space –> Dura outpuches In sagital sinus –> Blood in sinus flowing by and CSF flows by the sinus –> as the blood flows over the CSF is picked up by the blood through osmosis
- Arachnoid granuals absorb CSF
- Blood sucks fluid through thin memebrane

83
Q

herneating medula

A

If hernate the medual then brain goes outside of ckull –> blcoks the flow of fluid = disrputs fluid around the spinal cord

84
Q

Neoplasm in Midbrain

A

Neoplasm in midbrain = closes aqaduct = CSF is blocked = builds pressure
- Causes alnocheiry syndorme in adults
- Causes hydrosepholy
- Causes enlarged brains in young kids because flexible bones

85
Q

Flow of fluid in brain

A

IMAGE - black arrows show flow of fluid in brain

Fluid = goe sto ventricles then to spave around spinal cord

86
Q

Corbid plexus

A

Where spinal fluid is produced (Can see in image)

87
Q

Vasculator of the brain

A

Posterior - Blood supply = right and left vertebral arteries (results of vessels in spinal column_ –> come together and form baslar artery –> baslar artery leads to the posterior cerebrum
- baslar artery sits in front of the pons
- Posteriro cerebral artery - goes towards posterior part of cerebrum

Anterior - Anteiori corrated truns on either side at the optic chiasm –> branches into the anyior, middle, and posterior cerebral
- Posterior cerebral = connects anterior segment with posterior segment

Posterior supirior cerebelum - goes to back of cerebelum ; Posteerior superior cerebrum goes to back of cerebrum –> ocular motor nerve comes between the two

87
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Includes :
1. Anterior cerebral
2. Middle cerebral
3. Posterior cerebral - connectes anterior segemnt with posterior segment
4. Anterior comminucating artery - between right and left anteerior cerebral
5. Vertabral arteries combining to the baslar artery –> beccomes posterior cerbral

Function: Connects collateral circulation

***Check info in video

Story - rini college didn’t have coladeral circulation in surgery = died- can see vertabral artery

88
Q

Formation of sinuses

A

Brain tissue leaves voids as the brain developes –> Creates ventricles and sinuses

Example:
1. 4th ventricle - filled with CSF
2. 3rd ventrcile (between the right and left thalumus) - filled with CSF
3. Aquaduct (Connects 3rd and 4th venctrile) - Passage way for CSF

89
Q

Subarchnoid space

A

Where blood vessels that supply brain travel

90
Q

Arnold chiary Syndrom

A

Medula + cerebelum = being pushed out through foramaon magnum
- Often due to tumor on brainstem or hydrosepholy

91
Q

Thalumus

A

Receives input from periphery via brainstem
- Center of aqusition of knowldge

92
Q

Penial gland

A

Secretes melatonin (internal clock)

93
Q

Hyothalumus

A

related to relfexes + smell + temper + emotion + agression + pain + Pleasure

94
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Where optic tracks come together

95
Q

Sulturasm

A

Depression that pituitary sits in

96
Q

Ladan and lelah Conjoind twins

A

Vasclature was main issue - Mostly issue was sagital sinus (collectes blood in cerebleum)

-vasculature was the main issue and it came down to the sagittal sinus —> sole structure collecting all of the blood supplying the cerebellum
-each sister had their own sagittal sinus but posteriorly they were fused
-took saphenous vein from leg and reconstructed the posterior sagittal sinus
-the base of the skull had cisterns like sinuses but with thin walls and one of the sisters died during the surgery

97
Q

Tabia and Lea conjoined twins

A

Vasclature was main issue

-jugular in one of the sisters but not the other and the main part was shared
-took from one confluence and the other
-jugulars for lea were intact

Human Body (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions