Anatomy Labs Flashcards
What are the three muscles contributing to Pes Anserine?
Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus
What is the distal attachment site of Bicep-femoris muscle?
Lateral head of the fibula
What is terrible triad?
MCL, ACL & medial meniscus
Name the knee ligaments that are extracapsular?
LCL
What are the attachment sites of plantar fascia?
Heel bone (calcaneous) to the toes (digits)
Where is subtalar joint located? And what type of joint is it?
Talus and calcaneum. Synovial (plane joint)
What type of joint is the AC, sternoclavicular and glenohumeral?
AC = synovial plane
Sternoclavicular = saddle synovial
Glenohumeral = Ball and socket
Main nerves responsible for innervation of planta flexors? What does this nerve then split into?
Posterior Tibial nerve
* Main nerves responsible for innervation of planta flexors
* Splits into med and lat plantar nerves, and innervates muscles of sole of foot
What does the posterior tibial nerve split into?
Splits into med and lat plantar nerves, and innervates muscles of sole of foot
Gracilis actions?
Hip adductor, Knee flexion and knee internal rotation
Role of plantar fascia?
- Most superficial layer of sole of foot
- Protects all the muscles and ligaments
- Acts as a shock absorber
The Sciatic nerve splits into…What does it innervate?
Sciatic nerve (Splits in to two main nerves)
* Tibial nerve - Innervates all muscles of post thigh and leg (except short head of biceps femoris)
* Common Fibular nerve - Splits in to superficial and deep fibular nerve (innervates short head of bicep femoris)
Superficial nerve innervates lat compartment of leg (fibularis longus and brevis)
Deep fibular nerve innervates ant compartment of leg (dorsiflexors)
Origin and insertion of short head of bicep. What is it innervated by?
- Linea aspera to lat head of fibula
- Innervated by common fibular nerve
Role of medial meniscus?
- Adds on to the stability of knee joint (deepens the joint socket)
- Acts as a shock absorber
- Forms a part of ‘terrible triad’
How many compartments are in the thigh?
Three compartments
* Anterior (Quadriceps)
* Medial (Adductors)
* Posterior (Hamstrings)
How many compartments are there in leg?, name the compartments and muscle groups.
Three compartments
* Anterior (Dorsiflexors)
* Lateral (Fibularis/Peronei)
* Posterior (Plantaflexors)
What is compartment syndrome
Compartment syndrome is a painful syndrome caused by dangerously high pressure build up in a group of muscles. The high pressure can decrease blood flow, preventing nourishment and oxygen from reaching nerve and muscle cells. Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency that needs urgent surgery.
Name the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Base- Inguinal ligament
Lat- Sartorius
Med- Adductors
Floor- Iliacus, Psoas, Pectineus
Please describe the nerve supply to the following:
- Radial nerve (supplies muscles on back of arm)
- Median nerve
- Musculocutaneous
- Ulnar
- Axillary (deltoid & teres minor)
Radial = C5,C6, C7, C8, T1 (5 rats) - muscles on the back of arm
Median = C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 (5 mouse) - forearm & hand aside from 1.5 muscles??
Musculocutaneous = C5, C6, C7 (3 muskateers) - coracobrachialis, brachialis & bicep brachii
Ulnar = C8, T1 (2 unicorns) - flexor carpi ulnaris & flexor digitorum profundus
Axillary = C5, C6 (Assaccination) - teres minor & deltoid
The head of the radius pivots (articulates) with what bone?
Capitulum of Humerus
Which is the lateral bone of antebrachium
The radius
The trapezoid (of the wrist) is ________ to the capitate
Lateral
How many phalanges comprise the pollex (thumb)?
Two
Which muscles flexes the shoulder?
Deltoid (Ant fibres), Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis
If a patient presents with Axillary nerve damage, which muscles may be weakened?
Deltoid & teres minor
Which muscles are involved in an elbow extension?
Anconeus & triceps
Which spinal segments does the Ulnar nerve originate from?
C8 + T1
Which muscles flexes the wrist?
Palmaris Longus, FCU, FCR
What muscle is involved in BOTH the supination and pronation of the forearm
Brachioradalis
If a patient has difficulty flexing the elbow, which nerve would you expect to be injured?
Musculocutaneous (brachialis, brachioradalis, coracobrachialis)
Name the muscles innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis
Which structure (s) is affected in tennis elbow?
The origins of the wrist extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process
Brachioradialis
Which structures can be found in the cubital fossa?
From medial to lateral, the components of the cubital fossa include the median nerve, the brachial artery, the biceps tendon, and the radial nerve.
Which nerve is affected in the carpal tunnel syndrome
Median nerve
