Anatomy Labs

Question 1

What are the three muscles contributing to Pes Anserine?

Answer 1

Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus

Question 2

What is the distal attachment site of Bicep-femoris muscle?

Answer 2

Lateral head of the fibula

Question 3

What is terrible triad?

Answer 3

MCL, ACL & medial meniscus

Question 4

Name the knee ligaments that are extracapsular?

Answer 4

LCL

Question 5

What are the attachment sites of plantar fascia?

Answer 5

Heel bone (calcaneous) to the toes (digits)

Question 6

Where is subtalar joint located? And what type of joint is it?

Answer 6

Talus and calcaneum. Synovial (plane joint)

Question 7

What type of joint is the AC, sternoclavicular and glenohumeral?

Answer 7

AC = synovial plane
Sternoclavicular = saddle synovial
Glenohumeral = Ball and socket

Question 8

Main nerves responsible for innervation of planta flexors? What does this nerve then split into?

Answer 8

Posterior Tibial nerve
* Main nerves responsible for innervation of planta flexors
* Splits into med and lat plantar nerves, and innervates muscles of sole of foot

Question 9

What does the posterior tibial nerve split into?

Answer 9

Splits into med and lat plantar nerves, and innervates muscles of sole of foot

Question 10

Gracilis actions?

Answer 10

Hip adductor, Knee flexion and knee internal rotation

Question 11

Role of plantar fascia?

Answer 11

• Most superficial layer of sole of foot
• Protects all the muscles and ligaments
• Acts as a shock absorber

Question 12

The Sciatic nerve splits into…What does it innervate?

Answer 12

Sciatic nerve (Splits in to two main nerves)
* Tibial nerve - Innervates all muscles of post thigh and leg (except short head of biceps femoris)
* Common Fibular nerve - Splits in to superficial and deep fibular nerve (innervates short head of bicep femoris)
Superficial nerve innervates lat compartment of leg (fibularis longus and brevis)
Deep fibular nerve innervates ant compartment of leg (dorsiflexors)

Question 13

Origin and insertion of short head of bicep. What is it innervated by?

Answer 13

• Linea aspera to lat head of fibula
• Innervated by common fibular nerve

Question 14

Role of medial meniscus?

Answer 14

• Adds on to the stability of knee joint (deepens the joint socket)
• Acts as a shock absorber
• Forms a part of ‘terrible triad’

Question 15

How many compartments are in the thigh?

Answer 15

Three compartments
* Anterior (Quadriceps)
* Medial (Adductors)
* Posterior (Hamstrings)

Question 16

How many compartments are there in leg?, name the compartments and muscle groups.

Answer 16

Three compartments
* Anterior (Dorsiflexors)
* Lateral (Fibularis/Peronei)
* Posterior (Plantaflexors)

Question 17

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 17

Compartment syndrome is a painful syndrome caused by dangerously high pressure build up in a group of muscles. The high pressure can decrease blood flow, preventing nourishment and oxygen from reaching nerve and muscle cells. Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency that needs urgent surgery.

Question 18

Name the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 18

Base- Inguinal ligament
Lat- Sartorius
Med- Adductors
Floor- Iliacus, Psoas, Pectineus

Question 19

Please describe the nerve supply to the following:
- Radial nerve (supplies muscles on back of arm)
- Median nerve
- Musculocutaneous
- Ulnar
- Axillary (deltoid & teres minor)

Answer 19

Radial = C5,C6, C7, C8, T1 (5 rats) - muscles on the back of arm
Median = C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 (5 mouse) - forearm & hand aside from 1.5 muscles??
Musculocutaneous = C5, C6, C7 (3 muskateers) - coracobrachialis, brachialis & bicep brachii
Ulnar = C8, T1 (2 unicorns) - flexor carpi ulnaris & flexor digitorum profundus
Axillary = C5, C6 (Assaccination) - teres minor & deltoid

Question 20

The head of the radius pivots (articulates) with what bone?

Answer 20

Capitulum of Humerus

Question 21

Which is the lateral bone of antebrachium

Answer 21

The radius

Question 22

The trapezoid (of the wrist) is ________ to the capitate

Answer 22

Lateral

Question 23

How many phalanges comprise the pollex (thumb)?

Answer 23

Two

Question 24

Which muscles flexes the shoulder?

Answer 24

Deltoid (Ant fibres), Biceps Brachii, Coracobrachialis

Question 25

If a patient presents with Axillary nerve damage, which muscles may be weakened?

Answer 25

Deltoid & teres minor

Question 26

Which muscles are involved in an elbow extension?

Answer 26

Anconeus & triceps

Question 27

Which spinal segments does the Ulnar nerve originate from?

Answer 27

C8 + T1

Question 28

Which muscles flexes the wrist?

Answer 28

Palmaris Longus, FCU, FCR

Question 29

What muscle is involved in BOTH the supination and pronation of the forearm

Answer 29

Brachioradalis

Question 30

If a patient has difficulty flexing the elbow, which nerve would you expect to be injured?

Answer 30

Musculocutaneous (brachialis, brachioradalis, coracobrachialis)

Question 31

Name the muscles innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 31

Biceps, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

Question 32

Which structure (s) is affected in tennis elbow?

Answer 32

The origins of the wrist extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

Question 33

Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process

Answer 33

Brachioradialis

Question 34

Which structures can be found in the cubital fossa?

Answer 34

From medial to lateral, the components of the cubital fossa include the median nerve, the brachial artery, the biceps tendon, and the radial nerve.

Question 35

Which nerve is affected in the carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 35

Median nerve