Anatomy - Integumentary

Question 1

inflammatory phase

Answer 1

1- 10 days

• temporary repair mechanisms rapidly re-establish hemostasis via platelet activation and blood clotting
• allows for a clean wound bed to signal tissue restoration and permeant repair process to begin

Question 2

when does epithelialization typically begin during the inflammatory phase?

Answer 2

• typically within 24 hours at the wound borders

- visible signs usually observed 3 days after injury

Question 3

what are the cells active in the inflammatory phase?

Answer 3

mast cells, neutrophils and leukocytes remove necrotic tissue and debris and bacteria

Question 4

proliferative phase

Answer 4

3- 21 days

• formation of new tissues, capillary buds and granulation tissue begin to will wound bed creating a support structure for the migration of epithelial cells
• collagen matrix is formed
• skin integrity restored in this phase with wound closure occurring through epithelialization and wound contraction

Question 5

what are the cells active in the proliferative phase?

Answer 5

keratinocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts to form collagen matrix

Question 6

maturation phase

Answer 6

7 days - 2 years

• remodeling phase initiated when granulation tissue and epithelial differentiation begin to appear in the wound bed
• fiber reorganization, contraction scar thinning

Question 7

newly repaired tissues have approx what % of pre-injury tensile?

Answer 7

15%

Question 8

over time tensile integrity may increase up to what % of pre-injury tensile?

Answer 8

80%

Question 9

a burn without hypertrophic scarring will typically mature within

Answer 9

4-8 weeks

- up to 2 years with hypertrophic scarring to reach maturity

Question 10

skin layers

Answer 10

epidermis- avascular, most superficial

dermis- vascular “true skin”, elastic, flexible, tough

hypodermis- subcutaneous fatty tissue

Question 11

Which structure in the epidermis serves as a barrier against fluid, electrolyte, and chemical loss

Answer 11

stratum corneum in the epidermis

Question 12

The primary function of basal cells, Langerhans cells, and keratinocytes is for

Answer 12

epidermal reproduction, immunity, and keratin synthesis respectively.

Question 13

What is the proper order of skin layers from superficial to deep?

Answer 13

epidermis
papillary dermis
reticular dermis
subcutaneous

Question 14

Which of the following inflammatory mediators is responsible for causing pain in an acute wound?

Answer 14

Prostaglandins promote local vasodilation that increases the permeability of local capillaries and induce pain. Prostaglandins are a part of the inflammation cascade following tissue injury.

Question 15

The process by which epithelial cells die and produce a protective outer layer is called

Answer 15

keratinization