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Work > Anatomy Final part 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Final part 3 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How many different hormones are used by the human body?
A

1.How many different hormones are used by the body?

22

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2
Q
  1. What is the ultimate goal of hormonal control over metabolic processes?
A

Homeostasis

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3
Q
  1. What is the most direct form of communication between cells?
A

Gap junction

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4
Q
  1. What is the primary difference between paracrine signals and endocrine signals?
A

Paracrine- signals into intracellular fluid

Endocrine signals enter into bloodstream

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5
Q
  1. What is the most common way hormones affect target cells?
A

Increases the cell’s production of some needed substance like protein

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6
Q
  1. What are the three classes of hormones?

Describe them

A

Peptides- small protein hormones EX: glycoproteins

Tyrosine/amino acid derivatives/Thyroid hormones EX: epinephrine, norephrine, dopamine

Lipid derivatives- steroid hormones

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7
Q
  1. Which type of hormone can freely cross cell membranes?
A

Steroids

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8
Q
  1. Name the seven glands of the endocrine system.
A 
Pancreas
Pituitary
Thyroid
paraThyroid
Adreanal
pineal
Hypothalamus
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9
Q
  1. What event is required for a hormone to trigger a response form a target cell?
A

Hormone Binding- hormone must bind to target cell

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10
Q
  1. With regards to cell signaling, what is the difference between a first messenger and second messenger?
A 
First messenger- Hormone 
Second messenger(Gets greater response)- AMP, GMP, calcium
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11
Q
  1. What is a G protein?
A

G-protein- modulates a second messenger when bond

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12
Q
  1. Name three common second messengers.
A

AMP, GMP, calcium

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13
Q
  1. How do steroid hormones activate gene transcription?
A

By moving through cell membranes and through the nucleus to bind to nuclear cell receptors

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14
Q
  1. How are thyroid hormones able to upregulate cellular activity (metabolic rate)?
A

By binding to mitochondria

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15
Q
  1. Describe a typical endocrine reflex. What type of stimuli can trigger an endocrine reflex? What is the end result?
A

A typical endocrine reflex is activated by imbalances in calcium, hormones, neurotransmitters (Humeral neutral stimulus) always acts against stimulus to return body to homeostasis

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16
Q
  1. How does PTH correct low Ca2+ levels? Is this a simple endocrine reflex or a complex reflex?
A 
It produces calcitriol to active tissues to
 1.erode the bone for calcium
2.Absorbe GI bone
3.kidneys 
Only one stimulus still simple reflex
17
Q
  1. What three ways does the hypothalamus exert control over the endocrine system?
A
  1. Produces ADH, OXT
  2. Releases hormones from Anterior pituitary
  3. neuronal control over adrenal medulla
18
Q
  1. What two hormones are produced by the hypothalamus?
A

ADH, OXT

Hypothalamus hormones are used to control

Work (17 decks)

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