Anatomy Exam #4 (High Yield) Flashcards
1
Q
Hemisphere lesion will lead to
A
upper extremity only deficiency on same side
2
Q
Brainstem lesion will lead to
A
upper extremity and head deficiency on opposite sides
3
Q
associated fiber
A
connect areas of the same hemisphere
4
Q
commissure fibers
A
connect one hemisphere to another
5
Q
projection fiber
A
connect cerebral cortex to subcortical structures
6
Q
falx cerebri
A
dura mater between cerebri
7
Q
Precentral gyrus function
A
movement (contralateral side)
-movement associated w where on brain
8
Q
premotor cortex function
A
preparation for movement and posture
9
Q
frontal eye field function
A
conjugated eye movement (scan field)
10
Q
Broca’s area (inf frontal gyrus) function
A
motor speech
11
Q
prefrontal cortex function
A
intellect, judgment, planning behavior
12
Q
postcentral gyrus function
A
somatosensory (touch, pressure, pain, and temp)
-sensory associated with where on brain
13
Q
sup parietal lobe function
A
conscious awareness of contralateral half of body
14
Q
inf parietal lobe function
A
- perception of emotion in facial stimuli
- comprehension of language
15
Q
Primary auditory cortex (wernicke’s area) function
A
understanding spoken word
16
Q
Primary visual cortex function
A
visual perception
17
Q
visual associated cortex function
A
interprets visual images
18
Q
anterior cerebral artery deficit
A
- motor/sensory cortices of lower limb only
- medial frontal and parietal lobe
19
Q
middles cerebral artery deficit
A
- primary motor and sensory cortices minus lower limbs as well as auditory cortes and insula
- lateral surface of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
20
Q
Post inf cerebellar artery
A
inf aspect of cerebellum
21
Q
anterior inf cerebellar artery
A
ant/inf aspect of cerebellum
22
Q
labyrinthine artery
A
- > internal acoustic artery
- inner ear
23
Q
Superior cerebellar artery
A
sup aspect of cerebellum
24
Q
Posterior cerebral artery
A
visual cortex and inferomedial aspect of temporal lobe
25
anterior perforating arteries
optic chiasma, internal capsule, and hypothalamus
26
posterior perforation arteries
ventral midbrain, sub thalamus, hypothalamus
27
limbic lobe (cingulate gyrus) function
emotions and memory
28
lesion of lateral vs medial side of spinal cord
lateral: sensory
medial: motor
29
Superior salivary nucleus supplies
submandibular and sublingual glands (fascial nerve)
30
infer salivary nucleus supplies
parotid glands
31
Trigeminal system (touch and proprioception)
trig gang -> main sensory nucleus -> decussates at mid pons -> thalamus
32
Trigeminal system (pain and temp)
trig gang -> down spinal tract -> decussates at caudal medulla -> thalamus
33
Trigeminal system (masseter innervation)
trig motor nucleus in cerebrum -> neuroskeletal junction at masseter
34
petrous portion of temporal bone injury
- 5,6,7,8
| - fascial numbness/palsy, pupil inequality, oculomotor deficiency, dizziness, hearing loss
35
all afferent information run through thalamus except
smell
36
lateral geniculate of thalamus relays
vision
37
medial geniculate of thalamus relays
sound
38
thalamus blood supply
post. cerebral artery
39
hypothalamic nuclei blood supply
circle of willis
40
anterior hypothalamic nuclei (suprachiasmatic)
circadian rythm
41
tuberal hypothalamic nuclei (ventromedial)
satiety (fullness)
42
posterior hypothalamic nuclei (mamillary)
memory
43
amygdala subsystem function
emotion respones and learning
44
basal nuclei function
smooth motor function
45
Cricothrotomy location
median cricothyroid ligament between thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
46
rima glottidi abductor and nerve
- post. cricoarytenoid muscle
| - CN X (inf. recurrent laryngeal nerve)
47
tongue deviation
- same side
| - hypoglossal nerve
48
vein that runs through superior orbital fissure
sup/inf ophthalmic vein
49
lacrimal cranucle can lead to and how
- infection from eye to inside face
| - lacrimal duct sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> nasal meatus
50
stye location
cilliary gland
51
upper eyelid innervation
V1
52
lower eyelid innervation
V2
53
dilatation muscle and innervation
dialator pupillage m, sympathetic, sup. cervical gang
54
constriction muscle and innervation
sphincter pupillae, parasympathetic, ciliary ganglion
55
how detached retina
pigment layer detaches from choroid
56
optic disc is where
optic nerve enters eyeball
57
macula lutea accounts for
acute vision
58
light path through eyeball
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
59
placking of internal carotid artery can effect vision via
ophthalmic artery
60
top orbit venous drainage
cavernous sinus
61
bottom orbit venous drainage
pterygoid venous plexus
62
central retinal artery blockage vs vein
blind vs slow lose of sight
63
central retinal artery supplies
optic retina
64
lacrimal artery supplies
lacrimal gland, conjuctiva, and eyelid
65
short post. ciliary artery supplies
choroid and cons/rods
66
long post. ciliary supplies
ciliary body and iris
67
ant. ciliary forms
network in iris and ciliary body
68
tensor veli palatini innervation
medial pterygoid (branch of mandibular nerve)
69
all pharyngeal muscles but the stylopharyngeous are innervated by
vagus
70
gag reflex nerves
sensory: glossopharyngeal
motor: vagus
71
kiesselback area
main area of epitaxis
72
nose arteries (ant. and post.)
ant. nasal branch of fascial artery
| post. sphenopalatine artery
73
frontal sinus innervation
supraorbital and trochlear
74
ethmoidal sinus innervation
ethmoidal nerves
75
sphenoidal sinus innervation
branches of v1 and v2
76
maxillary sinus innervation (top and bottom)
top: infraorbital
bottom: greater palatine
77
lobule and lateral ear innervation
great auricular nerve
78
medial ear and 2/3 of acoustic meatus, 2,3 of external tympanic membrane innervation
auriculotemporal nerve
79
1/3 of acoustic meatus and 1/3 of external tympanic membrane innervation
auricular branch of vagus
80
action of tensor tympani muscle
tense tympanic membrane when loud sound
81
significant of tympanic (auditory) tube
- Mid ear to nasopharynx (infection)
- more horizontal in infants (infection)
- veli palatini muscles pop ears
82
bony labyrinth substance
perilymph
83
membranous labyrinth substance
endolymph
84
maculae of ear helps feel
linear acceleration
85
ampullary crest helps feel
rotation acceleration
86
sound transmission
tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, scala vestibuli, scala tympani (perilymph)
87
Roof of mouth nerves and location
ant: nasopalatine, greater palatine, lesser palatine
88
tensor/levator veli palatini innervation
medial pterygoid nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)
89
incisors drain to
sublingual space
90
molars drain to
submandibular space
91
location of the arteries to the tongue
in tongue: deep lingual artery
under tongue: sublingual artery
external carotid -> lingual artery
92
which nerves synapse at the submandibular ganglion
- chorda tympani (fascial ant 2/3 taste)
| - lingual nerve (mandibular ant 2/3 sensory)
93
Lesion on the right nucleus cuneatus effect and which side
upper limb
| same side
94
Lesion on the nucleus gracilis effects and which side
lower limb
| same side
95
Medulla structure involved with an inability to swallow food
- Roots of cranial nerves IX and X
| - Nucleus ambigus
96
Location of a medullary lesion that results in a loss of pain and thermal sensation on the right side of the face and on the left side of the body
- Pain and Thermal Sensation → Spinothalamic tract
| - Lesion would be on the same side of the face and opposite side of the body
97
blood supply to post. medulla
Posterior spinal artery
98
Location of a brainstem lesion in which a patient is unable to abduct (move laterally) the right eye and left sided paralysis of the upper and lower extremities
Medial longitudinal fasciculus and corticospinal fibers in the basilar pons along caudal levels
99
Vessel involved with a lesion in which the patient exhibits slurring of speech, combined with loss of pain and thermal sensation on the right side of the face and left side of the body. Which nucleus is involved
- Post inf cerebellar artery
| - Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus
100
Vessel involved with a hemorrhagic lesion of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, involving the cortex and nuclei
The superior cerebellar artery which arises from the basilar artery
101
Source of climbing fibers in the cerebellum
Inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla
102
Structure affected by a tumor in the quadrigeminal cistern
effect the corpora quadrigemina (the superior and inferior colliculi)
103
Midbrain involvement with an absent pupillary light reflex
Pretectal area → Edinger-Westphal nucleus
104
Neurons involved with a neurodegenerative disease that is related to a progressive loss of dopamine containing cells
Pars compacta of the substantia nigra
105
Blood vessel involved with a midbrain lesion that involves problems with hearing
Labyrinthine artery
106
Know where to place the transducer for the thyroid (bony/cartilaginous landmarks):
Position the transducer across the midline below the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
107
What nucleus is involved with the swallowing (deglutition)?
Hypoglossal nucleus
108
What is the nucleus involved with the loss of pain and temperature sensation in the face? What artery supplies this nucleus?
- Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus.
| - Supplied by PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)
109
Major artery supply of the pons
Basilar artery
110
Patient with slurred speech, loss of pain and temperature sensation, inability to perform finger to nose rapidly, localized tremor has a lesion to what vessel?
Superior cerebellar artery
111
Patient with slurred speech, loss of pain and temperature sensation, inability to perform finger to nose rapidly, localized tremor has a lesion to what vessel?
Superior cerebellar artery
112
Given a photo of the basal/ventral surface. The patients left eye is deviating laterally and inferior, pupil is dilated.
CN III is most likely involved with parasympathetic.
These symptoms also correlate with Weber syndrome which is a result of occlusion of vessels that serve the medial portion of the midbrain.
113
Oblique facial clefts
Failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with lateral nasal prominence
114
Lateral cleft lip
Partial or complete lack of fusion of maxillary prominences with one or both medial nasal prominences
115
Diegoerge Syndrome
- Failure of differentiation of third and fourth pharyngeal pouches
- Infants born without thymus and parathyroid gland
116
Ankyloglossia (Tongue tie)
Frenulum anchors tongue
117
skull bone and fascial bones origin
paraxial mesoderm, neural crest
118
Meningocoele
Meninges herniate
119
Myelomeningocoele
Meninges and Spinal cord herniate
120
Friederich ataxia
-cerebellar problem
-Clumsy gait
Ataxia of upper limbs
Disturbed speech articulation
121
Diencephalon malformations
Pharyngeal hypophysis
| Craniopharyngiomas
122
Holoprosencephaly
hemispheres don't separate (telencephalon)
123
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Most common cerebellar malformation
