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Anatomy > Anatomy Exam #4 (High Yield) > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam #4 (High Yield) Flashcards

1
Q

Hemisphere lesion will lead to

A

upper extremity only deficiency on same side

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2
Q

Brainstem lesion will lead to

A

upper extremity and head deficiency on opposite sides

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3
Q

associated fiber

A

connect areas of the same hemisphere

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4
Q

commissure fibers

A

connect one hemisphere to another

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5
Q

projection fiber

A

connect cerebral cortex to subcortical structures

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6
Q

falx cerebri

A

dura mater between cerebri

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7
Q

Precentral gyrus function

A

movement (contralateral side)

-movement associated w where on brain

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8
Q

premotor cortex function

A

preparation for movement and posture

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9
Q

frontal eye field function

A

conjugated eye movement (scan field)

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10
Q

Broca’s area (inf frontal gyrus) function

A

motor speech

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11
Q

prefrontal cortex function

A

intellect, judgment, planning behavior

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12
Q

postcentral gyrus function

A

somatosensory (touch, pressure, pain, and temp)

-sensory associated with where on brain

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13
Q

sup parietal lobe function

A

conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

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14
Q

inf parietal lobe function

A
  • perception of emotion in facial stimuli

- comprehension of language

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15
Q

Primary auditory cortex (wernicke’s area) function

A

understanding spoken word

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16
Q

Primary visual cortex function

A

visual perception

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17
Q

visual associated cortex function

A

interprets visual images

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18
Q

anterior cerebral artery deficit

A
  • motor/sensory cortices of lower limb only

- medial frontal and parietal lobe

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19
Q

middles cerebral artery deficit

A
  • primary motor and sensory cortices minus lower limbs as well as auditory cortes and insula
  • lateral surface of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
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20
Q

Post inf cerebellar artery

A

inf aspect of cerebellum

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21
Q

anterior inf cerebellar artery

A

ant/inf aspect of cerebellum

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22
Q

labyrinthine artery

A
  • > internal acoustic artery

- inner ear

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23
Q

Superior cerebellar artery

A

sup aspect of cerebellum

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24
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

visual cortex and inferomedial aspect of temporal lobe

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25
Q

anterior perforating arteries

A

optic chiasma, internal capsule, and hypothalamus

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26
Q

posterior perforation arteries

A

ventral midbrain, sub thalamus, hypothalamus

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27
Q

limbic lobe (cingulate gyrus) function

A

emotions and memory

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28
Q

lesion of lateral vs medial side of spinal cord

A

lateral: sensory
medial: motor

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29
Q

Superior salivary nucleus supplies

A

submandibular and sublingual glands (fascial nerve)

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30
Q

infer salivary nucleus supplies

A

parotid glands

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31
Q

Trigeminal system (touch and proprioception)

A

trig gang -> main sensory nucleus -> decussates at mid pons -> thalamus

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32
Q

Trigeminal system (pain and temp)

A

trig gang -> down spinal tract -> decussates at caudal medulla -> thalamus

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33
Q

Trigeminal system (masseter innervation)

A

trig motor nucleus in cerebrum -> neuroskeletal junction at masseter

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34
Q

petrous portion of temporal bone injury

A
  • 5,6,7,8

- fascial numbness/palsy, pupil inequality, oculomotor deficiency, dizziness, hearing loss

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35
Q

all afferent information run through thalamus except

A

smell

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36
Q

lateral geniculate of thalamus relays

A

vision

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37
Q

medial geniculate of thalamus relays

A

sound

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38
Q

thalamus blood supply

A

post. cerebral artery

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39
Q

hypothalamic nuclei blood supply

A

circle of willis

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40
Q

anterior hypothalamic nuclei (suprachiasmatic)

A

circadian rythm

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41
Q

tuberal hypothalamic nuclei (ventromedial)

A

satiety (fullness)

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42
Q

posterior hypothalamic nuclei (mamillary)

A

memory

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43
Q

amygdala subsystem function

A

emotion respones and learning

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44
Q

basal nuclei function

A

smooth motor function

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45
Q

Cricothrotomy location

A

median cricothyroid ligament between thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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46
Q

rima glottidi abductor and nerve

A
  • post. cricoarytenoid muscle

- CN X (inf. recurrent laryngeal nerve)

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47
Q

tongue deviation

A
  • same side

- hypoglossal nerve

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48
Q

vein that runs through superior orbital fissure

A

sup/inf ophthalmic vein

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49
Q

lacrimal cranucle can lead to and how

A
  • infection from eye to inside face

- lacrimal duct sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> nasal meatus

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50
Q

stye location

A

cilliary gland

51
Q

upper eyelid innervation

A

V1

52
Q

lower eyelid innervation

A

V2

53
Q

dilatation muscle and innervation

A

dialator pupillage m, sympathetic, sup. cervical gang

54
Q

constriction muscle and innervation

A

sphincter pupillae, parasympathetic, ciliary ganglion

55
Q

how detached retina

A

pigment layer detaches from choroid

56
Q

optic disc is where

A

optic nerve enters eyeball

57
Q

macula lutea accounts for

A

acute vision

58
Q

light path through eyeball

A

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

59
Q

placking of internal carotid artery can effect vision via

A

ophthalmic artery

60
Q

top orbit venous drainage

A

cavernous sinus

61
Q

bottom orbit venous drainage

A

pterygoid venous plexus

62
Q

central retinal artery blockage vs vein

A

blind vs slow lose of sight

63
Q

central retinal artery supplies

A

optic retina

64
Q

lacrimal artery supplies

A

lacrimal gland, conjuctiva, and eyelid

65
Q

short post. ciliary artery supplies

A

choroid and cons/rods

66
Q

long post. ciliary supplies

A

ciliary body and iris

67
Q

ant. ciliary forms

A

network in iris and ciliary body

68
Q

tensor veli palatini innervation

A

medial pterygoid (branch of mandibular nerve)

69
Q

all pharyngeal muscles but the stylopharyngeous are innervated by

A

vagus

70
Q

gag reflex nerves

A

sensory: glossopharyngeal
motor: vagus

71
Q

kiesselback area

A

main area of epitaxis

72
Q

nose arteries (ant. and post.)

A

ant. nasal branch of fascial artery

post. sphenopalatine artery

73
Q

frontal sinus innervation

A

supraorbital and trochlear

74
Q

ethmoidal sinus innervation

A

ethmoidal nerves

75
Q

sphenoidal sinus innervation

A

branches of v1 and v2

76
Q

maxillary sinus innervation (top and bottom)

A

top: infraorbital
bottom: greater palatine

77
Q

lobule and lateral ear innervation

A

great auricular nerve

78
Q

medial ear and 2/3 of acoustic meatus, 2,3 of external tympanic membrane innervation

A

auriculotemporal nerve

79
Q

1/3 of acoustic meatus and 1/3 of external tympanic membrane innervation

A

auricular branch of vagus

80
Q

action of tensor tympani muscle

A

tense tympanic membrane when loud sound

81
Q

significant of tympanic (auditory) tube

A
  • Mid ear to nasopharynx (infection)
  • more horizontal in infants (infection)
  • veli palatini muscles pop ears
82
Q

bony labyrinth substance

A

perilymph

83
Q

membranous labyrinth substance

A

endolymph

84
Q

maculae of ear helps feel

A

linear acceleration

85
Q

ampullary crest helps feel

A

rotation acceleration

86
Q

sound transmission

A

tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, scala vestibuli, scala tympani (perilymph)

87
Q

Roof of mouth nerves and location

A

ant: nasopalatine, greater palatine, lesser palatine

88
Q

tensor/levator veli palatini innervation

A

medial pterygoid nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)

89
Q

incisors drain to

A

sublingual space

90
Q

molars drain to

A

submandibular space

91
Q

location of the arteries to the tongue

A

in tongue: deep lingual artery
under tongue: sublingual artery
external carotid -> lingual artery

92
Q

which nerves synapse at the submandibular ganglion

A
  • chorda tympani (fascial ant 2/3 taste)

- lingual nerve (mandibular ant 2/3 sensory)

93
Q

Lesion on the right nucleus cuneatus effect and which side

A

upper limb

same side

94
Q

Lesion on the nucleus gracilis effects and which side

A

lower limb

same side

95
Q

Medulla structure involved with an inability to swallow food

A
  • Roots of cranial nerves IX and X

- Nucleus ambigus

96
Q

Location of a medullary lesion that results in a loss of pain and thermal sensation on the right side of the face and on the left side of the body

A
  • Pain and Thermal Sensation → Spinothalamic tract

- Lesion would be on the same side of the face and opposite side of the body

97
Q

blood supply to post. medulla

A

Posterior spinal artery

98
Q

Location of a brainstem lesion in which a patient is unable to abduct (move laterally) the right eye and left sided paralysis of the upper and lower extremities

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus and corticospinal fibers in the basilar pons along caudal levels

99
Q

Vessel involved with a lesion in which the patient exhibits slurring of speech, combined with loss of pain and thermal sensation on the right side of the face and left side of the body. Which nucleus is involved

A
  • Post inf cerebellar artery

- Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus

100
Q

Vessel involved with a hemorrhagic lesion of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, involving the cortex and nuclei

A

The superior cerebellar artery which arises from the basilar artery

101
Q

Source of climbing fibers in the cerebellum

A

Inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla

102
Q

Structure affected by a tumor in the quadrigeminal cistern

A

effect the corpora quadrigemina (the superior and inferior colliculi)

103
Q

Midbrain involvement with an absent pupillary light reflex

A

Pretectal area → Edinger-Westphal nucleus

104
Q

Neurons involved with a neurodegenerative disease that is related to a progressive loss of dopamine containing cells

A

Pars compacta of the substantia nigra

105
Q

Blood vessel involved with a midbrain lesion that involves problems with hearing

A

Labyrinthine artery

106
Q

Know where to place the transducer for the thyroid (bony/cartilaginous landmarks):

A

Position the transducer across the midline below the thyroid and cricoid cartilages

107
Q

What nucleus is involved with the swallowing (deglutition)?

A

Hypoglossal nucleus

108
Q

What is the nucleus involved with the loss of pain and temperature sensation in the face? What artery supplies this nucleus?

A
  • Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus.

- Supplied by PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

109
Q

Major artery supply of the pons

A

Basilar artery

110
Q

Patient with slurred speech, loss of pain and temperature sensation, inability to perform finger to nose rapidly, localized tremor has a lesion to what vessel?

A

Superior cerebellar artery

111
Q

Patient with slurred speech, loss of pain and temperature sensation, inability to perform finger to nose rapidly, localized tremor has a lesion to what vessel?

A

Superior cerebellar artery

112
Q

Given a photo of the basal/ventral surface. The patients left eye is deviating laterally and inferior, pupil is dilated.

A

CN III is most likely involved with parasympathetic.
These symptoms also correlate with Weber syndrome which is a result of occlusion of vessels that serve the medial portion of the midbrain.

113
Q

Oblique facial clefts

A

Failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with lateral nasal prominence

114
Q

Lateral cleft lip

A

Partial or complete lack of fusion of maxillary prominences with one or both medial nasal prominences

115
Q

Diegoerge Syndrome

A
  • Failure of differentiation of third and fourth pharyngeal pouches
  • Infants born without thymus and parathyroid gland
116
Q

Ankyloglossia (Tongue tie)

A

Frenulum anchors tongue

117
Q

skull bone and fascial bones origin

A

paraxial mesoderm, neural crest

118
Q

Meningocoele

A

Meninges herniate

119
Q

Myelomeningocoele

A

Meninges and Spinal cord herniate

120
Q

Friederich ataxia

A

-cerebellar problem
-Clumsy gait
Ataxia of upper limbs
Disturbed speech articulation

121
Q

Diencephalon malformations

A

Pharyngeal hypophysis

Craniopharyngiomas

122
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

hemispheres don’t separate (telencephalon)

123
Q

Arnold-Chiari malformation

A

Most common cerebellar malformation

Anatomy (7 decks)

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