Anatomy Exam #1 Flashcards by Caleb Bauman

Levator Scapulae origin ans insertion

superior angle of scapula to C1-C4 transverse process

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Latissimus Dorsi action

adduction, extension, and medial rotation of arm

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Levator Scapulae action

elevates scapula

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Serratus Posterior Superior action

elevate ribs

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Serratus Posterior Inferior action

depress ribs

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Semispinales (3 – thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

Extension and rotation (not lateral bending)

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Interspinalis and Intertransversii

Stabilize vertebrae during movements of the vertebral column

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Rotator Cuff muscles

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor

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Teres Major innervation

lower subscapular

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Infraspinatus action

lateral rotation of humerus

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Teres major action

adduct and medial rotation of humerus

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Subscapularis action

medial rotation of humerus

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Pectoralis Minor innervation

medial pectoral nerve

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Serratus Anterior insertion

anterior surface of medial border of scapula (winged scapula)

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Serratus Posterior super, infer blood supply

posterior intercostal arteries

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Intrinsic Back Muscles innervations

posterior rami of spinal nerve

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Sprain

ligament only

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Strain

muscle or tendon

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fat is bright

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water is bright

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H & E stain

Nuclei (blue) Cytoplasmic Proteins (pink)

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Masson’s Trichome

Differentiate collagen from other eosinophilic structures (e.g., muscle fibers) (good for highlighting scar tissue)

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Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain

stains carbohydrates like glycogen and glycoproteins (glomeruli in kidneys and glycogen in liver)

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Metal Stains

membrane and elastic fibers

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Linear Array Transducer

superficial muscles, thyroid, breast

Curved Array Transducer

deep wide view abdominal

Phased Array Transducer

small sized and deep view (good to look at cardiac beneath ribs)

US picture

(black) anechoic > hypoechoic > isoechoic >hyperechoic (white)

Largest nerve and smallest foramen

Xanthochromia in cerebral spinal fluid

red/orange lysing of red blood cells

Spinal cord length

foramen magnum -> L1/L2 (at birth L4/L5)

Lumbar Puncture area

L3/L4 or L4/L5

Epidural numbs which nerves

S2-S4

cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate

T1- L2/L3 lateral horn

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

At sacral levels (S2-S4), the lateral part of lamina VII

Grey matter contains

nerve cell bodies

White mater contains

ascending/descending nerve fibers (axons

Dorsal Cuneatus enters

T6 and above (arms)

Dorsal Gracilis enters

T7 and below (legs)

Dorsal Column carries what impulses

Proprioception and discriminative touch

Spinothalamic Tract carries what impulses

Pain, temperature, and non discriminative touch

Trigiminal Nerves

sensation and motor function of the face

Peroxisomes job in the cell

break down fatty acids

SER job in cell

detox (liver), lipid/steroid metabolism, store Ca+ (muscle cells)

What organelles is responsible for cell death

mitochondria (cytochrome C)

Thin filament job

reinforce cell membrane

Microfilament job

organelle movement, mitotic spindle, and cilia/flagella beating

What helps microfilament move

dynein arm

intermediate filament job

maintain cell architecture

Sacrococcygeal teratomas

tumor derived from stray primordial germ cells

Meiosis I -> Meiosis II final products

46chromosome pairs 4n -> 23 chromosomes pairs 2N -> 23 single chromosomes 1N

ligament associated with supra scapular nerve and artery

superior transverse scapular ligament and superior sub scapular notch

which two arteries anastomoses on the posterior of the scapula?

dorsal scapular and supra scapular and circumflex scapular

serrates anterior blood supply and nerve

lateral thoracic artery and long thoracic nerve

dural sac ends at what vertebra?

The conus medullaris is located where in an adult human?

between T12 and L2

clavicle tubercle

conoid tubercle

scapula process

coracoid process

humerus fossa

coronoid fossa

dull knife causes?

dark or light lines across the tissue section

precipitation causes?

randomly distributed dark grain marks

fold of the mount causes

dense colaration (stain trap)

immunohistochemistry

used to localize specific cell and tissue proteins (cancer)

in situ hybridization

used to analyze tissue distribution specific nucleotide sequences (specific genes and mRNA)

cervical enlargement

C4-T1

lumbar enlargement

T11-S1

filum terminale externum

gains dural layer, attaches to coccyx, acts as an anchor for the inferior portion of spinal cord and meningies

Arachnoid trabeculae

delicate connective tissue attaching arachnoid to pia – looks like spider webs Subarachnoid space filled with CSF

secession of nerves

rootlets -> roots -> nerves -> rami

Great anterior segmental medullary artery (of Adamkiewicz)

reinforces circulation to 2/3 of spinal cord including lumbrosacral enlargement. Only on the left side, in about 65% of people Arises from a left posterior intercostal artery

How many posterior and anterior spinal arteries?

2 posterior, 1 anterior

spinal vein location

epidural space

spinal artery location

subarachnoid space

hand bones in order

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform | trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hook of hamate

usually taller, normal fertility, sometimes learning disabilities, sometimes increased interocular distance – but majority are never diagnosed because there are no symptoms or symptoms are subclinical

XXX – Triple X syndrome

usually taller, normal fertility, sometimes learning disabilities – but majority are never diagnosed

XYY – XYY or Double-Y syndrome

usually taller, sterile, smaller testicles, decreased body hair, lower libido, sometimes learning disabilities, rarely gynecomastia – often diagnosed by fertility specialists

XXY – Klinefelter syndrome

usually shorter, low-set ears, webbed neck, usually do not begin menstruating and can only become pregnant with medical intervention, usually normal intelligence

X0 – Turner syndrome

Pectoral fascia

invests the pectoralis major, continuous with axillary

Clavipectoral fascia

invests the subclavius and pectoralis minor

corona radiata penetrating enzyme

hyaluronidase

zona pellucida penetrating enzyme

acrosin

syncytioblast secretes secretes what hormone that can determine pregnancy

hCG

lateral corticospinal tract decussates in the

medulla

ventral corticospinal tract decussates in the

at its termination site

bicep brachii insert at

tuberosity of radius

brachialis inserts at the

tuberosity of the ulna

motor neuron cell body location

anterior horn of gray mater

sensory neuron cell body location

dorsal root ganglion