Anatomy Chapter 9

Question 1

The motor system is divided into two different branches:

Answer 1

the somatic nervous system, which controls skeletal muscle (usually under voluntary control), and the autonomic nervous system, which controls smooth and cardiac muscle in your organs and also several glands.

Question 2

Nervous tissue is made up of two different types of cells:

Answer 2

neuroglia and neurons.

Question 3

Astrocytes

Answer 3

star-shaped cells that support neurons and stabilize synapses

Question 4

Microglial cells

Answer 4

can attack microbes and remove debris.

Question 5

Ependymal cells

Answer 5

do the job of epithelial cells, covering surfaces and lining cavities.

Question 6

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 6

produce myelin for neurons in the CNS

Question 7

Which cells are the support cells in the nervous system?

Answer 7

Neuroglia

Question 8

The output side of your nervous system is called:

Answer 8

motor.

Question 9

The part of the nervous system that integrates and processes information is known as the:

Answer 9

CNS.

Question 10

The lipid insulation of nervous tissue is called:

Answer 10

myelin

Question 11

The fight-or-flight response is controlled by the:

Answer 11

autonomic nervous system.

Question 12

Schwann cells

Answer 12

produce myelin for neurons in the PNS

Question 13

Satellite cells

Answer 13

small support cells for neurons in the PNS

Question 14

Which ions move into neurons during the action potential?

Answer 14

Sodium

Question 15

Which of the following is all or none?

Graded potential

Action potential

Chemical synapse

Impulse conduction

Answer 15

Action potential

Question 16

Membrane potential is:

Answer 16

separation of charge across a membrane.

Question 17

An excitable cell is one that can:

Answer 17

change its membrane potential.

Question 18

During hyperpolarization a cell becomes:

Answer 18

more negative than resting.

Question 19

The molecules used to send signals across synapses are called:

Answer 19

neurotransmitters.

Question 20

Which axons are fastest?

Answer 20

Large, myelinated

Question 21

What is another name for myelinated axons?

Answer 21

White matter

Question 22

After a neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron, what happens next?

Answer 22

The neurotransmitter binds to the postsynaptic cell

Question 23

If an illness could be treated by increasing the activity of chemical synapses, which treatment would work?

Answer 23

Inhibiting the “cleanup” enzyme

Question 24

An AChE inhibitor would:

Answer 24

increase levels of ACh.

Question 25

The segments of the spinal cord are named for:

Answer 25

the vertebrae.

Question 26

What layer of the meninges is fused to the surface of the CNS?

Answer 26

Pia mater

Question 27

The ventral root carries _______________ information, and the dorsal root carries _______________ information.

Answer 27

motor; sensory

Question 28

What is the term for the axon pathways carrying information up and down the spinal cord?

Answer 28

Columns

Question 29

The ascending spinal cord tracts are:

Answer 29

sensory.

Question 30

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 30

carries temperature, pain, and crude touch information to the cerebral cortex

Question 31

___Corticobulbar tract

Answer 31

carries orders from the cerebral cortex to motor neurons in the brain stem

Question 32

Spinocerebellar tract

Answer 32

carries information about posture and position to the cerebellum

Question 33

Dorsal column tract

Answer 33

carries fine-touch and vibration information to the cerebral cortex

Question 34

Corticospinal tract

Answer 34

carries orders from the cerebral cortex to the ventral horn