Anatomy Chapter 9 Flashcards
The motor system is divided into two different branches:
the somatic nervous system, which controls skeletal muscle (usually under voluntary control), and the autonomic nervous system, which controls smooth and cardiac muscle in your organs and also several glands.
Nervous tissue is made up of two different types of cells:
neuroglia and neurons.
Astrocytes
star-shaped cells that support neurons and stabilize synapses
Microglial cells
can attack microbes and remove debris.
Ependymal cells
do the job of epithelial cells, covering surfaces and lining cavities.
Oligodendrocytes
produce myelin for neurons in the CNS
Which cells are the support cells in the nervous system?
Neuroglia
The output side of your nervous system is called:
motor.
The part of the nervous system that integrates and processes information is known as the:
CNS.
The lipid insulation of nervous tissue is called:
myelin
The fight-or-flight response is controlled by the:
autonomic nervous system.
Schwann cells
produce myelin for neurons in the PNS
Satellite cells
small support cells for neurons in the PNS
Which ions move into neurons during the action potential?
Sodium
Which of the following is all or none?
Graded potential
Action potential
Chemical synapse
Impulse conduction
Action potential
Membrane potential is:
separation of charge across a membrane.
An excitable cell is one that can:
change its membrane potential.
During hyperpolarization a cell becomes:
more negative than resting.
The molecules used to send signals across synapses are called:
neurotransmitters.
Which axons are fastest?
Large, myelinated
What is another name for myelinated axons?
White matter
After a neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron, what happens next?
The neurotransmitter binds to the postsynaptic cell
If an illness could be treated by increasing the activity of chemical synapses, which treatment would work?
Inhibiting the “cleanup” enzyme
An AChE inhibitor would:
increase levels of ACh.
The segments of the spinal cord are named for:
the vertebrae.
What layer of the meninges is fused to the surface of the CNS?
Pia mater
The ventral root carries _______________ information, and the dorsal root carries _______________ information.
motor; sensory
What is the term for the axon pathways carrying information up and down the spinal cord?
Columns
The ascending spinal cord tracts are:
sensory.
Spinothalamic tract
carries temperature, pain, and crude touch information to the cerebral cortex
___Corticobulbar tract
carries orders from the cerebral cortex to motor neurons in the brain stem
Spinocerebellar tract
carries information about posture and position to the cerebellum
Dorsal column tract
carries fine-touch and vibration information to the cerebral cortex
Corticospinal tract
carries orders from the cerebral cortex to the ventral horn
